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The aim of this work was to study the interactions between diet\u2010induced hypercholesterolemia and ligature\u2010induced periodontitis in Wistar rats submitted to both conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animals were divided into four experimental groups: C (control: standard diet without periodontitis), Perio (periodontitis plus standard diet), HC (high cholesterol diet without periodontitis), and HC\u00a0+\u00a0Perio (high cholesterol diet plus periodontitis). The diets were offered for 45\u00a0days and a silk ligature was applied in the lower first molars of Perio and HC\u2010Perio animals on day 34 and maintained for 11\u00a0days until euthanasia. The mandibles were excised, and alveolar bone loss was determined by macroscopic and micro\u2010tomographic (\u00b5\u2010CT) imaging. Blood samples were obtained, and platelet aggregation was induced in plasma rich in platelets by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Endothelium\u2010dependent vascular reactivity and protein expression of endothelial (eNOS), phosphorylated endothelial (peNOS), and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthases were evaluated in aorta samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HC diet combined with periodontitis (HC\u00a0+\u00a0Perio group) was associated with an increased alveolar bone loss, when compared to the other groups. Both in Perio and HC groups, platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen was increased, while maximum aortic relaxation induced by acetylcholine was decreased. Periodontitis or HC diet alone decreased the expression of peNOS and HC diet increased the expression of iNOS. In contrast, no additive or synergistic effects were found in vascular reactivity or in platelet aggregation when the two conditions were associated (HC\u00a0+\u00a0Perio group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypercholesterolemia accelerated the process of bone loss induced by periodontitis while a high cholesterol diet or periodontitis individually increased platelet aggregation and vascular reactivity in rats without additive or synergistic effects, when associated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T23:14:05Z","timestamp":1580253245000},"page":"453-463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Periodontal status, vascular reactivity, and platelet aggregation changes in rats submitted to hypercholesterolemic diet and periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2749-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia L. C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Studies in Experimental Pharmacology (LEFEx) Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0892-2021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia A. V.","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE) Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Biomedical Institute Fluminense Federal University Niter\u00f3i Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3279-6050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana A.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Studies in Experimental Pharmacology (LEFEx) Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6287-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga M. O.","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN) Nuclear Engineering Program (PEN) Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Post\u2010Graduation and Research in Engineering (COPPE\u2010UFRJ) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1023-7891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00eds Christina P.","family":"Esp\u00edndola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Institute of Microbiology Paulo de G\u00f3es Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula V.","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Institute of Microbiology Paulo de G\u00f3es Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Tadeu","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN) Nuclear Engineering Program (PEN) Institute Alberto Luiz de Coimbra of Post\u2010Graduation and Research in Engineering (COPPE\u2010UFRJ) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5870-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Carla F.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE) Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Biomedical Institute Fluminense Federal University Niter\u00f3i Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4410-9521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa P.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Studies in Experimental Pharmacology (LEFEx) Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9244-3890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge L. 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