{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:20:20Z","timestamp":1787732420325,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Danish Foundation for Mutual Efforts in Dental Care"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The complement system is engaged in inflammatory reactions both in the periodontal pockets and in the periodontium itself, where it can mediate tissue destruction. The aim of this study was, first, to compare salivary levels of the total complement system protein C3 and its split product, fluid\u2010phase C3c in patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls. Next, to determine if C3 and C3c levels had biomarker potential in diagnosing and monitoring periodontitis and its treatment. We hypothesized that salivary levels of total C3 and the split product C3c associated with the severity of periodontitis and reflected decreased inflammatory activity after periodontal treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, stimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis (n\u00a0=\u00a018) and periodontally healthy controls (n\u00a0=\u00a015). Subsequently, non\u2010surgical periodontal treatment was performed in the patients, and saliva sampling from patients was repeated two\u2010, six\u2010, and twelve weeks post\u2010treatment (NCT02913248 at clinicaltrials.gov).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The patients were grouped as good and poor responders to treatment according to the achieved reduction in bleeding on probing (BOP).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Salivary levels of C3 and C3c were quantified using sandwich ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with periodontitis had higher baseline levels of both total C3 and the split product C3c in saliva than did periodontally healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses discriminated patients with periodontitis from controls based on both C3 (AUC (area under curve)\u00a0=\u00a00.91, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and C3c levels (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.84, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) in saliva. Periodontal treatment improved all clinical parameters (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01). Good responders (n\u00a0=\u00a010) had lower baseline levels of C3c than poor responders (n\u00a0=\u00a08), (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), and baseline levels of C3c discriminated between good and poor responders (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.80, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, patients with periodontitis had higher salivary levels of C3c, and the C3c levels were predictive of reductions in BOP, that is, the poor responders. This suggests that salivary C3c levels possess potential to serve as a biomarker predicting the clinical response to non\u2010surgical periodontal treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T09:59:04Z","timestamp":1595066344000},"page":"27-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Complement split product C3c in saliva as biomarker for periodontitis and response to periodontal treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Anastasia","family":"Grande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Department of Odontology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen 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and Medical Sciences Department of Odontology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Sindhu","family":"Thangaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Department of Cancer and Inflammation Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus Henrik","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Department of Odontology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Institute for Inflammation Research Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup 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