{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:37:54Z","timestamp":1747186674590,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a close relationship between inflammation and bone remodeling in the periodontium. However, previous studies have not delineated the alterations in calcium (Ca) metabolism during periodontitis progression. The aim of this current investigation was to examine Ca dynamics in alveolar bone of rats during progression of ligature\u2010induced periodontal inflammation by using <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca, which is an index of hard tissue neogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To induce periodontitis, the maxillary right first molar (M1) of 8\u2010week\u2010old male rats was ligated with a silk suture for 1, 3, 7, and 28\u00a0days. The left M1 was not ligated as a control. To evaluate resultant changes in bone neogenesis, <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was injected intraperitoneally 24\u00a0hours before euthanasia. The left\u2010and\u2010right palatal mucosa, molar teeth (M1 and M2), and alveolar bone were harvested for evaluation of <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca radioactivity using a liquid scintillation counter. The distribution of <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca in maxillary tissues was evaluated using autoradiography (ARG). In addition, we analyzed the bone volume fraction (BV\/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the alveolar bone by micro\u2010computed tomography. To investigate the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and bone\u2010specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were measured by an enzymatic assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca radioactivity in the alveolar bone of the ligature side decreased by 8% compared to the unligated control\u2010side on day 1, whereas on day 7, it markedly increased by 33%. The <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca levels in the gingival tissue and molar teeth were slightly but significantly lower than the control\u2010side on day 1 and higher from day 3 to 28. The variation in <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca levels for the alveolar bone was greater and specific compared with other tissues. Furthermore, on day 7, ARG data revealed that <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca on the control side was primarily localized to the periodontal ligament (PDL) space and alveolar bone crest and barely detected in the gingival tissues and deeper parts of the alveolar bone. On the ligature side, <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca disappeared from the PDL and alveolar crest, but instead was broadly and significantly increased within the deeper zones of the alveolar bone and furcation areas and distant from the site of ligature placement and periodontal inflammation. In the shallow zone of the alveolar bone, these changes in <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca levels on day 7 were consistent with decreases in the bone structural parameters (BV\/TV and BMD), enhanced osteoclast presence, and suppressed levels of BAP expression in osteoblasts. In contrast, the deep zone and furcation area showed that TRAP\u2010positive cells increased, but BAP expression was maintained in the resorption lacunae of the alveolar bone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>During periodontitis progression in rats, <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca levels in the alveolar bone exhibited biphasic alterations, namely decreases and increases. These data indicate that periodontitis induces a wide range of site\u2010specific Ca metabolism alterations within the alveolar bone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T12:20:04Z","timestamp":1607775604000},"page":"314-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Periodontal inflammation triggers a site\u2010specific and wide radius of calcium metabolic effects on alveolar bone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7900-3604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Kuraji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science Dentistry The Nippon Dental University Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orofacial 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