{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:47:50Z","timestamp":1777589270181,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ftirma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114S509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114S509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plasminogen (PLG) activation system plays an essential role in severe inflammation based diseases such as periodontitis, destructive membranous periodontal disease (ligneous periodontitis), familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), and amyloidosis. We have aimed to evaluate variations in <jats:italic>PLG<\/jats:italic> and the associations between <jats:italic>PLG<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MEFV<\/jats:italic> genotypes in patients with FMF\/ FMF\u2010related secondary amyloidosis and periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 247 individuals who were either diagnosed with FMF or systemically healthy were recruited to this human observational study with a cross\u2010sectional design. All individuals were also diagnosed with periodontitis or periodontally healthy. Blood samples were obtained from patients with FMF and systemically healthy controls. Clinical periodontal indicators were recorded. All polymorphisms located in exons 6 and 8 of <jats:italic>PLG<\/jats:italic> and mutations located on exons 2 and 10 of the <jats:italic>MEFV<\/jats:italic> gene were analyzed by DNA Sanger Sequencing. Genotypes and allele frequencies of <jats:italic>PLG<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MEFV<\/jats:italic> were detected and tested by the Hardy\u2010Weinberg equilibrium. Serum levels of amyloid A (SAA), high\u2010sensitive C\u2010reactive protein (hs\u2010CRP), PLG, and salivary PLG levels were determined by using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two polymorphisms were identified in <jats:italic>PLG<\/jats:italic>: G to A polymorphism on the 14th nucleotide of intron 8 and C to T polymorphism on the 924th nucleotide of the coding region (IVS 8+14 G&gt;A and c.924C&gt;T, respectively). In IVS 8+14 G&gt;A polymorphisms, wild\u2010type genotype: GG, heterozygote genotype: GA and homozygote genotype: AA. In c.924C&gt;T polymorphism, wild\u2010type genotype: CC, heterozygote genotype: CT and homozygote genotype: TT. The frequency of the heterozygous polymorphisms of <jats:italic>PLG<\/jats:italic> was significantly increased (17.6%) in FMF patients with periodontitis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .027). A large proportion of the test group that was heterozygous for <jats:italic>MEFV<\/jats:italic>\u2010R202Q also had heterozygous <jats:italic>PLG<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms. Remarkable exacerbation in periodontal parameters was observed in patients with FMF and amyloidosis. SAA and hs\u2010CRP levels were significantly correlated with salivary PLG levels in patients with periodontitis and heterozygous <jats:italic>PLG<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study describes IVS 8+14 G&gt;A (rs2295368) and c.924C&gt;T (rs1380916375) polymorphisms for the first time in the periodontal literature, which might play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, FMF, or amyloidosis. The elucidation of <jats:italic>PLG<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms is beneficial from a public health perspective by increasing the quality of life in these patients and reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with inflammatory diseases such as periodontal disease, FMF, and FMF\u2010related amyloidosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T13:46:29Z","timestamp":1640267189000},"page":"371-380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Plasminogen gene polymorphisms [c.924C&gt;T and IVS 8+14 G&gt;A] in periodontitis and familial Mediterranean fever: A case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2138-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Fento\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology 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