{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:18:56Z","timestamp":1774379936573,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used a nonhuman primate model of ligature\u2010induced periodontitis to document the characteristics of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene usage in gingival tissues with disease and affected by age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adaptive immune responses to an array of oral bacteria are routinely detected in local gingival tissues and the systemic circulation across the human population. The level and diversity of antibody increases with periodontitis, reflecting the increased quantity of B cells and plasmacytes in the tissues at sites of periodontal lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a036) in four groups (young \u2013 \u22643\u2009years; adolescent &gt;3\u20137\u2009years; adult \u2013 12\u201315\u2009years; aged \u2013 17\u201023\u2009years) were used in this study. Gingival tissues were sampled at baseline (health), 2\u2009weeks (initiation), 1 and 3\u00a0months (progression), and 5\u00a0months (resolution) of the lesion development and transcriptomic analysis included 78 Ig\u2010related genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrated extensive variation in Ig gene usage patterns and changes with the disease process that was substantially affected by the age of the animal. Of note was that the aged animals generally demonstrated elevated expression on multiple Ig genes even in the baseline\/healthy gingival tissues. The expression levels revealed 5 aggregates of Ig gene change profiles across the age groups. The number of gene changes were greatly increased in adult animals with the initiation of disease, while the young and adolescent animals showed extensive changes with disease progression. Elevated Ig gene transcripts remained with disease resolution except in the aged animals. The response profiles demonstrated selective heavy\/light change gene transcripts that differed with age and clustering of the transcript expression was dominated by the age of the animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggested potential critical variations in the molecular aspects of Ig gene expression in gingival tissues that can contribute to understanding the kinetics of periodontal lesions, as well as the variation in episodes, rapidity of progression, and role in resolution that are impacted by age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T07:43:58Z","timestamp":1652859838000},"page":"780-798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gingival tissue antibody gene utilization in aging and periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9743-6585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Ebersole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University of Nevada Las Vegas  Las Vegas Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linh M.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University of Nevada Las Vegas  Las Vegas Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Octavio A.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky 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