{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:26:21Z","timestamp":1785338781662,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the influence of smoking on clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters in young adult with stage III\u2010IV Grade C periodontitis after full\u2010mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) associated with Amoxicillin and Metronidazole (AMX\u2009+\u2009MTZ), comparing smokers (PerioC\u2010Y\u2010Smk) with non\u2010smokers (PerioC\u2010Y\u2010NSmk).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen PerioC\u2010Y\u2010NSmk and 14 PerioC\u2010Y\u2010Smk patients underwent FMUD associated with AMX\u2009+\u2009MTZ for 10\u2009days. All parameters were collected at baseline and 3 and 6\u00a0months after treatment. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL)\u2010 the primary variable\u2010, and gingival recession (GR) were clinically assessed. The impact of PI on CAL change at 6\u2010month was verified by a regression analysis. Samples of the subgingival biofilm was collected for detection of levels of <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>A.\u00a0actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>, Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P.gingivalis<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>, Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T.\u00a0forsythia<\/jats:italic>), and <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>F.\u00a0nucleatum<\/jats:italic>), and were analyzed by real\u2010time qPCR; gingival crevicular fluid was collected for detection of levels of interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1, and interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3, which were analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PerioC\u2010Y\u2010Smk had significantly higher PI, BOP, and GR at baseline compared to non\u2010smokers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.05). PerioC\u2010Y\u2010Smk presented higher PD, CAL, and GR at 3 and 6\u00a0months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) compared with PerioC\u2010Y\u2010NSmk in the same periods; PI negatively affected CAL gain in PerioC\u2010Y\u2010NSmk at 6\u2010month follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.052) and did not impact on clinical response in PerioC\u2010Y\u2010Smk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.882). Lower levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL1\u2010\u03b2, and IL\u20104 were observed at 3\u00a0months in the PerioC\u2010Y\u2010NSmk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) compared with PerioC\u2010Y\u2010Smk. Lower proportions of <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> were observed in PerioC\u2010Y\u2010NSmk at baseline and at 3\u00a0months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) and lower proportions of <jats:italic>F.\u00a0nucleatum<\/jats:italic> were observed at 6\u00a0months, in the PerioC\u2010Y\u2010NSmk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PerioC\u2010Y\u2010Smk presents an unfavorable clinical, microbiological, and immunological response after 3 and 6\u00a0months after FMUD associated with AMX\u2009+\u2009MTZ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking worsens periodontal condition of young treated adults presenting stage III\/IV Grade C periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T05:33:10Z","timestamp":1662096790000},"page":"1116-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Smoking negatively impacts the clinical, microbiological, and immunological treatment response of young adults with Grade C periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Rafaela Videira Clima","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Section, Prosthodontics and Periodontology Department, Piracicaba Dental School State University of Campinas  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9248-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Perez","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Section, Prosthodontics and Periodontology Department, Piracicaba Dental School State University of Campinas  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Grazieli","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry Paulista University  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9333-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mabelle","family":"de Freitas Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Section, Prosthodontics and Periodontology Department, Piracicaba Dental School State University of Campinas  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio Zaffalon","family":"Casati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Section, Prosthodontics and Periodontology Department, Piracicaba Dental School State University of 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