{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T20:55:45Z","timestamp":1792875345311,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis (PD) is a dysbiotic disease of tooth\u2010supporting structures that has been associated with various systemic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To date, evidence demonstrated increased prevalence of RA among PD patients and postulated PD to have a role in the development of autoantibodies in RA patients. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to assess the available evidence to ascertain the effect of PD on levels of autoantibodies in the serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of RA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The systematic review was conducted in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Relevant literature was searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Ebscohost databases from inception until 31 August 2020. The risk of bias in each study was determined based on the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale tool. Results from random\u2010effect meta\u2010analyses were presented as summary estimates of odds ratios (ORs) for seropositivity and standardised mean difference (SMD) of autoantibody levels with 95% confidence intervals. Sensitivity tests and meta\u2010regression were performed to assess the robustness of the results and potential cause of heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The electronic and manual searches gathered 932 articles. Following screening and full\u2010text assessment, a total of 29 studies were included in the analysis. Twenty\u2010eight published observational studies were included in the quantitative analysis in the form of random\u2010effect meta\u2010analysis which revealed that PD was associated with anti\u2010citrullinated proteins autoantibodies (ACPAs) and Rheumatoid Factor (RF) seropositive RA patients (OR for ACPA seropositivity: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.13\u20132.93) (OR for RF seropositivity: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.05\u20132.24). Also, RA patients with PD had increased serum levels of ACPA and RF. However, high heterogeneity among studies' results, partially ascribed to the unstandardised case definition of PD and laboratory testing of autoantibodies. Apart from ACPA and RF in serum, studies which reported on other RA\u2010related autoantibodies, as well as autoantibody levels in saliva and GCF were scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RA patients with PD tend to have greater ACPA and RF levels in their serum when compared with the RA patients without PD supporting the plausible role of PD in the development of systemic autoimmunity in RA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T04:39:40Z","timestamp":1667277580000},"page":"29-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Influence of periodontitis on levels of autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0247-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazurah Nik","family":"Eezammuddeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Comprehensive Care Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rathna Devi","family":"Vaithilingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-8447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norul Husna Mohammad","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd16.180641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.2656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X19858514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24622"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"e4775","article-title":"The influence of porphyromonas gingivalis bacterium causing periodontal disease on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review of literature","volume":"11","author":"Kriauciunas A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-004-6641-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2017.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03452-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.140425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2017.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2014.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513483142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.20974"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1938-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbr.2016.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-017-0328-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojst.2019.910023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HussainSB BotelhoJ MachadoV et al.Is there a bidirectional association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis? 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