{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T20:56:19Z","timestamp":1781124979896,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether visceral adipose tissue\u2010derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) can alleviate the inhibitory effect of high\u2010glucose (HG) culture on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and to preliminarily explore the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>High glucose produces damage to the regeneration of periodontal tissue of PDLSCs. The expression level of vaspin in periodontal tissue is high in periodontitis patients and effectively reduced after initial therapy of periodontal diseases. However, the effect of vaspin on PDLSCs remains unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PDLSCs were cultured in media augmented with 5.5 or 25.0\u2009mM concentrations of glucose to elucidate the impact and mechanism of vaspin on PDLSCs under high glucose in\u00a0vitro. Proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit\u20108 (CCK8) assay. Osteogenesis of PDLSCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity, and Alizarin Red staining. Quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR) and western blot (WB) were used to investigate the osteo\u2010specific markers. Then, the molecular impact of vaspin in the presence\/absence of HG on PDLSCs physiology was determined with TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smad signaling pathway as the main focus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was revealed that the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation (OD) of PDLSCs under HG was reduced, and by adding vaspin the anti\u2010osteogenic impact of HG was relieved. Moreover, vaspin enhanced TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smad signaling pathway activity. Pretreatment with TGF\u2010\u03b21 inhibitor blocked vaspin\u2010triggered TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smad signal activation and minimized the vaspin\u2010induced protective effect against HG\u2010inhibited growth and OD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, vaspin observably reduces HG\u2010mediated inhibition of PDLSCs OD by modulating the TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smad signaling pathway. Vaspin may be a potential therapeutic for periodontal tissue regeneration in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T08:45:01Z","timestamp":1714725901000},"page":"812-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vaspin facilitates the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8231-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinran","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology China Medical University  Shenyang 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