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Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full text of all the studies. Studies comparing the levels of adipokines in GCF, serum, and\/or saliva in subjects with obesity and periodontitis (group 1), subjects with normal weight and periodontitis (group 2), and subjects with obesity and gingival health (group 3) were included. Meta\u2010analyses and meta\u2010regression were performed on the data from included studies. Seventeen studies with study participants ranging from 30 to 120 were included with subjects in each group ranging from 10 to 40. There was a significant increase in levels of serum TNF\u2010\u03b1, leptin, IL\u20106, and CRP between groups 1 and 2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). In GCF, TNF\u2010\u03b1 and resistin levels were significantly higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) in Group 1 vs. 2. Serum level of leptin was higher for group 1 vs. 3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Meta\u2010regression analysis revealed that the obesity definition (body mass index (BMI) cut\u2010off value &gt;25 or &gt;30) was significant for serum resistin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) and GCF resistin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) between group 1 and 2. The current analysis indicates that both periodontitis and obesity can modulate the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines at systemic and local levels. This bidirectional interaction of periodontitis and obesity via the inflammation pathway seems likely plausible. Further studies are required to elucidate this mechanism in more detail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T03:59:43Z","timestamp":1712721583000},"page":"623-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association of adipokine levels with obesity in periodontal health and disease: A systematic review with meta\u2010analysis and meta\u2010regression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Eswar","family":"Kandaswamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7812-5637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun\u2010Teh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya Bardvalli","family":"Gururaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital Rajiv University of Health Sciences  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Shivanaikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre  Belagavi Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6215-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinayak M.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Obesity and overweight. 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