{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:54:40Z","timestamp":1792684480067,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects millions globally and is strongly associated with oral health issues, particularly periodontitis. The bidirectional relationship between T2DM and periodontitis is well established, with poorly managed T2DM increasing the risk of inflammation, tissue damage, and dental implant failure. Advances in treatment, such as glucagon\u2010like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RAs), have led to better glycemic control and may reduce T2DM\u2010related complications, highlighting their potential in addressing interconnected oral\u2010systemic health challenges. This narrative review critically evaluates the literature on the impact of GLP\u20101RAs on periodontal and peri\u2010implant health. 10 in\u00a0vitro studies, nine preclinical animal studies, and one clinical study were explored to investigate their effects on periodontal regeneration, implant therapy, and related mechanisms. In\u00a0vitro research revealed that GLP\u20101RAs, including exenatide and liraglutide, promoted osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) through pathways such as the mitogen Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin and mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase pathways, even in high glucose or inflammatory conditions. Synergistic effects with stromal cell\u2010derived factor\u20101 further promoted PDLSC proliferation and bone regeneration. Animal studies demonstrated that GLP\u20101RAs mitigated periodontal inflammation, oxidative stress, and alveolar bone resorption while promoting bone remodeling and implant osseointegration, independently of glycemic control. Importantly, advanced delivery systems, such as exenatide\u2010loaded chitosan\u2013poly(lactic\u2013coglycolic acid) microspheres, further increased peri\u2010implant osseointegration in diabetic models. The sole clinical study, a retrospective cohort study, assessed peri\u2010implant marginal bone loss in peri\u2010implantitis patients treated with different hypoglycemic drugs. Results showed significantly less clinical and radiographic bone loss in the GLP\u20101RA group compared to insulin and metformin groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Overall, while GLP\u20101RAs have promising anti\u2010inflammatory, osteoprotective, and pleiotropic properties, their role appears more aligned with preserving periodontal and peri\u2010implant health in T2DM individuals than directly treating periodontitis or peri\u2010implantitis. By delineating current evidence and research directions, this review calls for medical and dental professionals to collaborate in leveraging these novel treatment options in future studies to improve patient care and address the intricate challenges that diabetes presents to oral health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T08:35:22Z","timestamp":1746779722000},"page":"450-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>1RAs<\/scp>\n                    ) Improve Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7306-9795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paras","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Advanced PRF Education  Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Estrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine School of Dental Medicine  Bradenton Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2944-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nima","family":"Farshidfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology University of Bern  Bern 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