{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:44:07Z","timestamp":1792550647731,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To (i) assess the prevalence, incidence, and burden of lip and oral cavity cancer, untreated caries, and \u201cother oral conditions\u201d (a group that includes temporomandibular disorders, malocclusion, and dental trauma, among others) in 2021; and (ii) forecast their estimates in 2050. Aggregate estimates for overall oral conditions (comprising caries, periodontitis, and edentulism, but excluding cancer) were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Disability\u2010Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and deaths were reported for lip and oral cavity cancer. Untreated caries and \u201cother oral conditions\u201d were described as prevalence and YLDs, with incidence included only for caries. Aggregate estimates for overall oral conditions encompassed prevalence, incidence, and YLDs. Data were gathered globally, covering 204 countries, seven super\u2010regions, and 21 regions from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2021, with projections up to 2050 using mixed\u2010effects models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2021, over 1.54 million (95% UI 1.44; 1.63) people worldwide were affected by lip and oral cavity cancer, with a global age\u2010standardized prevalence of 0.02%. The burden included 1.28 YLDs per 100\u2009000 (0.97; 1.59), 65.86 YLLs per 100\u2009000 (59.53; 71.00), 67.71 DALYs per 100\u2009000 (61.32; 73.17), and 2.42 deaths per 100\u2009000 (2.21; 2.60). By 2050, prevalence and incidence are projected to increase by +68.7% and\u2009+\u200982.6%, respectively. By that time, lip and oral cavity cancer is expected to rank 119th in terms of YLDs. In 2021, 7.55% (6.29\u20138.78) of children had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 27.54% (23.98\u201332.02) of the adult population had caries in permanent teeth, and 1.86% (1.78\u20131.93) were affected by \u201cother oral conditions\u201d, with 45.91% (42.26\u201349.78) of the global population experiencing at least one oral condition. By 2050, the prevalence of deciduous caries is projected to decrease by \u221215.80%, while permanent caries is predicted to rise by +23.77%, and \u201cother oral conditions\u201d will increase by +22.28%. Overall oral conditions (including periodontitis and edentulism, but excluding cancer) are projected to affect 46.17% (42.52\u201349.95) of the global population in 2050, ranking as the 10th leading cause of YLDs, surpassing conditions such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lip and oral cavity cancer, along with oral conditions aggregated (caries, periodontitis, edentulism, \u201cother oral conditions\u201d), continued to pose significant public health challenges in 2021, with the number of affected individuals expected to increase substantially in the coming decades, largely driven by rising estimates of edentulism and severe periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T09:44:27Z","timestamp":1750239867000},"page":"544-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Lip and Oral Cancer, Caries and Other Oral Conditions: Estimates From the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study and Projections up to 2050"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7982-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silas","family":"Alves\u2010Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Dentistry Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o  S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Romandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perio\u2010Implant Innovation Center Institute for Integrated Oral, Craniofacial and Sensory Research\u2014National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-6300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo G.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Dental Research Institute Singapore National Dental Centre Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515602879"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345241281698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Bangkok Declaration\u2014No Health Without Oral Health: Towards Universal Health Coverage for Oral Health by 2030 Bangkok 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/bangkok\u2010declaration\u2010no\u2010health\u2010without\u2010oral\u2010health."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00550-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01469-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05253-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30388-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network \u201cGlobal Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) Cause REI and Location Hierarchies. 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