{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:56:25Z","timestamp":1791896185092,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mendelian randomization is a more appropriate tool for causal inference, as the main suspected risk factors for periodontitis are difficult to test by randomized controlled trials due to ethical or feasibility issues. This study aimed to evaluate potential causal relationships between 50 known and suspected factors and periodontitis risk by a two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization study and meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By utilizing the databases of the Gene\u2010Lifestyle Interactions at Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium and the Finnish Genetics (FinnGen) consortium, 25 obesity\u2010related indicators (BMI, birth weight, weight, height, waist\u2010hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, 18 body fat percentage or fat\u2010free mass factors), eight hormone\u2010related indicators (estradiol levels, total testosterone levels, sex hormone\u2010binding globulin, age at menarche, age at menopause, three bone mineral density factors), five lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, sleep duration, morning\/evening chronotype, years of schooling), three dietary factors (coffee, tea, fruit), six blood biomarkers (fasting glucose, high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL cholesterol], low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL cholesterol], total cholesterol, serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), and three diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, COVID\u201019). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with the risk of periodontitis were estimated for each trait using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. A meta\u2010analysis was conducted to analyze the causal associations from these databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 50 potential risk factors, the IVW analyses revealed significant associations with the risk of periodontitis for 22 and two traits (FDR\u2010corrected\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the GLIDE database as well as the FinnGen database, respectively. The meta\u2010analyses revealed that 23 traits maintained statistically significant associations with periodontitis risk. Noteworthy associations included 20 obesity\u2010related indicators with ORs ranging from 1.11 to 1.25, smoking (OR\u2009=\u20091.74), and hemoglobin A1c (OR\u2009=\u20091.07), which were associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. Conversely, increased years of education (OR\u2009=\u20090.81) were identified as potential mitigators of periodontitis risk. The sensitivity analyses utilizing five additional methods further bolstered the robustness of these findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comprehensive study provides evidence for the potential causal association of several modifiable risk factors with periodontitis, highlighting the importance of addressing these factors in preventive strategies for periodontal health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.70001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:59:12Z","timestamp":1752141552000},"page":"889-898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Risk Factors of Periodontitis: Evidence From Two\u2010Sample Mendelian Randomization and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Lingjun","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou 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