{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:13:01Z","timestamp":1792109581642,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUP B83C22004800006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B83C22004800006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DM 1557 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DM 1557 11.10.2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the impact of periodontitis and of Steps I\u2013II of periodontal therapy on microbiome composition, function, and metabolic output across the oral and gut environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multi\u2010omics analysis was performed on saliva and stool samples collected from 50 systemically healthy individuals with and without Stage III\u2013IV periodontitis. For participants with periodontitis, samples were analyzed both at baseline and 3\u2009months after Steps I\u2013II of periodontal therapy. High\u2010throughput whole metagenome sequencing was used to profile microbial taxa and functional genes, NMR\u2010based metabolomics profiled host\u2013microbial metabolites. Single\u2010omic differential abundance analysis between healthy samples and periodontitis samples was performed with MaAsLin2, while analysis between pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment was conducted with timeOmics. Variable selection and subsequent supervised multivariate analysis to determine group\u2010separating markers utilized multi\u2010level sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS\u2010DA) through mixOmics. KEGG pathway enrichment was analyzed using clusterProfiler, whereas multi\u2010omic data integration was performed with multi\u2010block Partial Least Squares regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis was associated with significant compositional and functional changes in both saliva and stool, with increased abundance of pathobionts and loss of health\u2010associated taxa in both niches. A subset of species was shared across oral and gut habitats, with detectable differences across clinical groups. As functional potential, periodontitis enriched microbial pro\u2010inflammatory pathways (lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, bacterial motility) and depleted beneficial short\u2010chain fatty acid (SCFA)\u2010 and vitamin\u2010producing functions. Metabolomic profiles revealed reduced SCFAs and amino acids in periodontitis, with elevated pro\u2010inflammatory metabolites (succinate, trimethylamine) in both saliva and stool. Following therapy, microbial communities and their metabolic output partially reverted toward health\u2010associated profiles, particularly in saliva. Stool samples showed subtler but consistent shifts, including a decrease in some typically oral species and decreased succinate and methylamine and restoration of amino acid and SCFA\u2010related metabolites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis is associated with coordinated microbial and metabolic signatures across the oral and gut environments. Non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy promotes partial ecological restoration in both niches, supporting the view of oral health as a modifiable target for influencing systemic microbial homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      identification number: NCT04826926\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:53:54Z","timestamp":1764244434000},"page":"1237-1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Multi\u2010Omics Signatures of Periodontitis and Periodontal Therapy on the Oral and Gut Microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9395-4967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Baima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1374-8347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shareef","family":"Dabdoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Iowa College of Dentistry  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics University of Iowa College of Dentistry  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8279-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Thumbigere\u2010Math","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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