{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:34:00Z","timestamp":1785350040105,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present review article explores the emerging evidence on the use of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) as sustained release vehicles for a variety of drugs, including antibiotics, antifungals, antidiabetic drugs, exosomes, and vitamins for localized delivery approaches. The incorporation of such bioactive agents into APCs could enhance their therapeutic efficacy, support antimicrobial effects, wound healing and regeneration, and potentially reduce the need for systemic therapy. Although platelet\u2010rich plasma (PRP) has also been studied as a carrier of bioactive agents, the rapid degranulation of platelets and lack of a cohesive fibrin network in PRP lead to a short\u2010lived burst\u2010type release profile. On the other hand, platelet\u2010rich fibrin (PRF) has a three\u2010dimensional scaffold of fibrin in which the growth factors and drug agents are retained, characteristics which make PRF\u2010based APCs advantageous over PRP in the field of drug\u2010delivery systems. However, a major challenge remains to be the absence of standardized drug\u2010loaded APCs preparation protocols, with variations in centrifugation parameters, tube composition, and biomolecules' loading techniques, thereby influencing the APCs' structural integrity and release kinetics. The present review further highlights key findings on optimal loading strategies and the interactions between incorporated agents and the carrying APCs. It further highlights the level of current evidence for each of these drug\u2010loaded APCs under investigation, their strength of recommendation, and possible knowledge gaps. Future work should focus on further developing and standardizing preparation protocols, advancing controlled release technologies, and validating efficacy through large scale clinical trials. Overall, bioactive drug\u2010loaded APCs could represent a promising platform for targeted antimicrobial, antifungal, and regenerative therapies, bridging infection management with precision\u2010guided tissue healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T09:11:41Z","timestamp":1778058701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Platelet\u2010Rich Fibrins as Local Drug\u2010Delivery Carriers"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6261-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim M.","family":"Fawzy El\u2010Sayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine Christian Albrechts University  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof E.","family":"D\u00f6rfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine Christian Albrechts University  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126319","article-title":"Platelet\u2010Rich Plasma (PRP) and Injectable Platelet\u2010Rich Fibrin (i\u2010PRF) in the Non\u2010Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis\u2010A Systematic Review","volume":"25","author":"Niemczyk W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0767-9","article-title":"Reduction of Relative Centrifugation Force Within Injectable Platelet\u2010Rich\u2010Fibrin (PRF) Concentrates Advances Patients' Own Inflammatory Cells, Platelets and Growth Factors: The First Introduction to the Low Speed Centrifugation Concept","volume":"44","author":"Choukroun J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.04.020","article-title":"In Vitro Effects of Choukroun's PRF (Platelet\u2010Rich Fibrin) on Human Gingival Fibroblasts, Dermal Prekeratinocytes, Preadipocytes, and Maxillofacial Osteoblasts in Primary Cultures","volume":"108","author":"Dohan Ehrenfest D. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.06.044","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Platelet\u2010Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Platelet\u2010Rich Plasma (PRP) on the Effect of Proliferation and Differentiation of Rat Osteoblasts in Vitro","volume":"108","author":"He L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1719-1","article-title":"Comparative Release of Growth Factors From PRP, PRF, and Advanced\u2010PRF","volume":"20","author":"Kobayashi E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.05.021","article-title":"Autologous Liquid Platelet Rich Fibrin: A Novel Drug Delivery System","volume":"75","author":"Miron R. 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