{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:40:18Z","timestamp":1791427218849,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE017732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE017732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The circular relationship between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus is one of the most established oral\u2010systemic links. Uncontrolled diabetes contributes to an increased susceptibility and severity of periodontitis, while periodontitis contributes to poorer glycaemic control and greater insulin resistance. This reciprocal interaction is mediated by a network of interconnected mechanisms that extends beyond the traditional paradigm of bacteraemia and the hepatic acute phase response triggered by the systemic cytokine spillover from affected periodontal tissues. Experimental and clinical evidence indicate that dissemination of periodontal pathogens and virulence factors can directly affect the pancreas and liver, which are key organs in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Periodontal microbes and their virulence factors have been detected in the pancreas, eliciting \u03b2\u2010cell dysfunction and apoptosis, compensatory alpha cell expansion and disruption of insulin\u2013glucagon homeostasis. In addition to haematogenous spread, swallowed oral biofilm can promote oral\u2013gut translocation, altering gut microbial ecology and contributing to entero\u2010hepatic metabolic perturbations that exacerbate insulin resistance. The detection of periodontal pathogens by Toll\u2010like receptors in peripheral tissues, including adipose tissue and the kidney, links periodontitis to adipose inflammation, dysregulated lipid metabolism and diabetic nephropathy. Similarly, other than eliciting the acute phase response, the systemic inflammatory spillover from periodontitis also dysregulates hepatic metabolism, increasing gluconeogenesis and impairing glycogenesis, thus contributing to hyperglycaemia. Beyond metabolic tissues, periodontal inflammation, mediated by pro\u2010inflammatory mediators such as interleukin\u20106, can promote maladaptive myelopoiesis and the generation of hyperresponsive neutrophils and monocytes. In uncontrolled diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia induces a similar trained, pro\u2010inflammatory myeloid phenotype and the convergence of these processes may synergistically increase systemic inflammatory burden. The resulting pool of primed circulating innate immune cells can exacerbate periodontal tissue destruction and contribute to inflammatory injury in distant organs, thereby worsening diabetic complications. Overall, this review considers the complex mechanistic framework in which microbial dissemination, immune amplification and metabolic reprogramming collectively connect periodontitis and diabetes. While focused on the periodontitis\u2010diabetes axis, this review also underscores the broader systemic relevance of periodontal inflammation in chronic metabolic disease and supports the inclusion of periodontal care as part of chronic disease management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.70131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T17:35:12Z","timestamp":1782581712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Periodontitis and Diabetes: Mechanistic Evidence of a Circular Relationship"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7153-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip M.","family":"Preshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4407-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren Jie Jacob","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2208-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlene Enhui","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0102-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali A.","family":"Abdulkareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana T.","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13807","article-title":"Association Between Periodontal Diseases and Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes and Respiratory Diseases: Consensus Report of the Joint Workshop by the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the European Arm of the World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA Europe)","volume":"50","author":"Herrera D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence \u201cType 2 Diabetes in Adults: Management\u201d(2026) https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng28."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.70003","article-title":"The Effect of Diabetes on Outcomes of Non\u2010Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review With a Meta\u2010Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Weijdijk L. P. M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"International Journal of Dental Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12512","article-title":"The Risk of Tooth Loss in Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Weijdijk L. P. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Dental Hygiene"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1120-4","article-title":"Does Diabetes Increase the Risk of Periodontitis? A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Regression Analysis of Longitudinal Prospective Studies","volume":"55","author":"Nascimento G. G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Diabetologica"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13240","article-title":"Impact of Risk Factor Control Interventions for Smoking Cessation and Promotion of Healthy Lifestyles in Patients With Periodontitis: A Systematic Review","volume":"47","author":"Ramseier C. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13290","article-title":"Treatment of Stage I\u2010III Periodontitis\u2014The EFP S3 Level Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"47","author":"Sanz M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13337","article-title":"Burden of Severe Periodontitis and Edentulism in 2021, With Projections up to 2050: The Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study","volume":"59","author":"Nascimento G. G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"The Economist Intelligence Unit \u201cTime to Take Gum Disease Seriously: The Societal and Economic Impact of Periodontitis\u201d(2021) https:\/\/impact.economist.com\/health\/time\u2010take\u2010gum\u2010disease\u2010seriously\u2010societal\u2010and\u2010economic\u2010impact\u2010periodontitis."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","article-title":"Treatment of Periodontitis for Glycaemic Control in People With Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Simpson T. C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13274","article-title":"Treatment of Periodontitis Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Preshaw P. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30038-X","article-title":"Systemic Effects of Periodontitis Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 12 Month, Single\u2010Centre, Investigator\u2010Masked, Randomised Trial","volume":"6","author":"D'Aiuto F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128344","article-title":"Periodontal Therapy and Systemic Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Artese H. P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.70099"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-03965-z","article-title":"Exacerbation of Diabetes due to \n                     F. nucleatum\n                   LPS\u2010Induced SGLT2 Overexpression in the Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells","volume":"26","author":"Seki A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nephrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02765-x","article-title":"The Effect of APN, hs\u2010CRP and APN\/hs\u2010CRP in Periodontitis With DAA","volume":"23","author":"Cheng R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.998600","article-title":"Periodontitis Induced by \n                     Porphyromonas gingivalis\n                   Drives Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Mice","volume":"12","author":"Kang N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.22-0035","article-title":"Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles From Patients With Periodontitis Contribute to Development of Insulin Resistance","volume":"93","author":"Wang F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12994","article-title":"Periodontitis Exacerbates Endothelial Dysfunctions Partly via Endothelial\u2010Mesenchymal Transition in Streptozotocin\u2010Induced Diabetes Rats","volume":"57","author":"Yang S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520963710","article-title":"Periodontal Inflammation Primes the Systemic Innate Immune Response","volume":"100","author":"Fine N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97868-2","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis\n                   Induces Entero\u2010Hepatic Metabolic Derangements With Alteration of Gut Microbiota in a Type 2 Diabetes Mouse Model","volume":"11","author":"Kashiwagi Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94418-8","article-title":"Periodontitis Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Parvaneh M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520911037","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis\n                   Induces Insulin Resistance by Increasing BCAA Levels in Mice","volume":"99","author":"Tian J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309897","article-title":"Periodontitis Induced by \n                     Porphyromonas gingivalis\n                   Drives Periodontal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Insulin Resistance via an Impaired Adaptive Immune Response","volume":"66","author":"Blasco\u2010Baque V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12474","article-title":"Oral Application of a Periodontal Pathogen Impacts SerpinE1 Expression and Pancreatic Islet Architecture in Prediabetes","volume":"52","author":"Ilievski V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.08.002","article-title":"Periodontitis Contributes to Adipose Tissue Inflammation Through the NF\u2010<Kappa>B, JNK and ERK Pathways to Promote Insulin Resistance in a Rat Model","volume":"18","author":"Huang Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbes and Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12410","article-title":"Periodontitis Aggravated Pancreatic \u03b2\u2010Cell Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice Through Interleukin\u201012 Regulation on Klotho","volume":"7","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.07.030","article-title":"Periodontitis Promotes the Diabetic Development of Obese Rat via miR\u2010147 Induced Classical Macrophage Activation","volume":"83","author":"Xu R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12442","article-title":"Effects of TNF\u2010\u03b1 Blocking on Experimental Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Diabetic Zucker Rats","volume":"42","author":"Grauballe M. B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136502","article-title":"TLR4 Expression by Liver Resident Cells Mediates the Development of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance in Experimental Periodontitis","volume":"10","author":"Ilievski V.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097165","article-title":"Expression of Toll\u2010Like Receptor 2 in Glomerular Endothelial Cells and Promotion of Diabetic Nephropathy by \n                     Porphyromonas gingivalis\n                   Lipopolysaccharide","volume":"9","author":"Sawa Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.120442","article-title":"Periodontitis as a Novel Contributor of Adipose Tissue Inflammation Promotes Insulin Resistance in a Rat Model","volume":"84","author":"Su Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070605","article-title":"Effect of Periodontitis on Insulin Resistance and the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats","volume":"79","author":"Watanabe K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345241280743","article-title":"Periodontitis and Diabetes Differentially Affect Inflammation in Obesity","volume":"103","author":"SantaCruz\u2010Calvo S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2022.11.006","article-title":"Comparison of the Inflammatory States of Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontitis Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Xu X. R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12784","article-title":"Genetic Polymorphisms in the Interleukins IL1B, IL4, and IL6 Are Associated With Concomitant Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Brazilian Patients","volume":"55","author":"Cirelli T.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25956","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202174","article-title":"Periodontitis in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Systemic Inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Li J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104929","article-title":"The Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Lymphotoxin Alpha, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Levels With Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes in Serbian Population","volume":"120","author":"Petrovic S. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Oral Biology"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519881978","article-title":"Subgingival Microbiota and Longitudinal Glucose Change: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS)","volume":"98","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12664","article-title":"The Subgingival Microbiome, Systemic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study","volume":"44","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201S","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515590369","article-title":"Periodontal Bacteria and Prediabetes Prevalence in ORIGINS: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance Study","volume":"94","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2012.01920.x","article-title":"Serum Lipids Modify Periodontal Infection\u2014C\u2010Reactive Protein Association","volume":"39","author":"Haro A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04408-1","article-title":"Impact of Periodontitis on Type 2 Diabetes: A Bioinformatic Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Wei X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24872","article-title":"Bioinformatics Reveals the Pathophysiological Relationship Between Diabetic Nephropathy and Periodontitis in the Context of Aging","volume":"10","author":"Yan P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1016373","article-title":"Candidate Loci Shared Among Periodontal Disease, Diabetes and Bone Density","volume":"13","author":"Yu Y. H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1410537","article-title":"Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets for Type II Diabetes and Periodontitis: Insights From Single\u2010Cell Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zou M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1574392","article-title":"Molecular and Clinical Profiles of T2DM, Dyslipidemia, and Periodontitis: Insights Into Inflammatory and Metabolic Dysregulation","volume":"16","author":"Okoro P. N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2025.106428","article-title":"Combined Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation Identifies m1A\u2010Modified Genes as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Periodontitis and Diabetes","volume":"180","author":"Wang K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Archives of Oral Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-024-01915-6","article-title":"Deciphering the Molecular Nexus of BTG2 in Periodontitis and Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"17","author":"Pan B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Medical Genomics"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29340","article-title":"Identifying MS4A6A(+) Macrophages as Potential Contributors to the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Periodontitis, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Wu J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04041-y","article-title":"Prediction of Interactomic Hub Genes in PBMC Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia, and Periodontitis","volume":"24","author":"Yadalam P. K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1147819","article-title":"Discovering Genetic Linkage Between Periodontitis and Type 1 Diabetes: A Bioinformatics Study","volume":"14","author":"Liu J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics"},{"issue":"52","key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036802","article-title":"Identification of Potential Crosstalk Genes and Mechanisms Between Periodontitis and Diabetic Nephropathy Through Bioinformatic Analysis","volume":"102","author":"Lu H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.156014","article-title":"Exploration of Cross\u2010Talk and Pyroptosis\u2010Related Gene Signatures and Molecular Mechanisms Between Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus via Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Microarray Data Analysis","volume":"159","author":"Chen H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1015491","article-title":"Identification of Cross\u2010Talk Pathways and Ferroptosis\u2010Related Genes in Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation","volume":"13","author":"Pan S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00488-6","article-title":"Local and Systemic Mechanisms Linking Periodontal Disease and Inflammatory Comorbidities","volume":"21","author":"Hajishengallis G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14082","article-title":"Prognostic Impact of Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Prospective Study","volume":"52","author":"Chew R. J. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01249.x","article-title":"Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area: Quantifying Inflammatory Burden","volume":"35","author":"Nesse W.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05337-1","article-title":"Presence of Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria in Blood of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"12","author":"Corredor Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2205291","article-title":"Mechanisms of \n                     Porphyromonas gingivalis\n                   to Translocate Over the Oral Mucosa and Other Tissue Barriers","volume":"15","author":"Jongh C. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Microbiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2873","article-title":"The Keystone\u2010Pathogen Hypothesis","volume":"10","author":"Hajishengallis G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344202","article-title":"Breaking Bad: Manipulation of the Host Response by \n                     Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"44","author":"Hajishengallis G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-12-0145","article-title":"Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor\u20101 in Urokinase's Paradoxical In\u00a0Vivo Tumor Suppressing or Promoting Effects","volume":"10","author":"Jing Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Cancer Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","first-page":"1802","article-title":"mTOR Dysregulation, Insulin Resistance, and Hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Stanciu S. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2019.1586422","article-title":"Can Oral Bacteria Affect the Microbiome of the Gut?","volume":"11","author":"Olsen I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-8-20","article-title":"Changes in Endotoxin Levels in T2DM Subjects on Anti\u2010Diabetic Therapies","volume":"8","author":"Al\u2010Attas O. S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Diabetology"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6500","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.44113","article-title":"Depletion of the Diabetic Gut Microbiota Resistance Enhances Stem Cells Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Lv W.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0120","article-title":"Quantifying Periodontitis\u2010Associated Oral Dysbiosis in Tongue and Saliva Microbiomes\u2014An Integrated Data Analysis","volume":"96","author":"Chew R. J. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015","article-title":"Enterosalivary Nitrate Metabolism and the Microbiome: Intersection of Microbial Metabolism, Nitric Oxide and Diet in Cardiac and Pulmonary Vascular Health","volume":"105","author":"Koch C. D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2021.04.006","article-title":"Effect of Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"113","author":"He Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023038","article-title":"Nitrite Generating and Depleting Capacity of the Oral Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Risk: Results From ORIGINS","volume":"11","author":"Goh C. E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.013","article-title":"Physiological Role for Nitrate\u2010Reducing Oral Bacteria in Blood Pressure Control","volume":"55","author":"Kapil V.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.706432","article-title":"Serum C\u2010Reactive Protein and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Machado V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0522-y","article-title":"C\u2010Reactive Protein Induces Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate\u20101 on Ser307 and Ser612 in L6 Myocytes, Thereby Impairing the Insulin Signalling Pathway That Promotes Glucose Transport","volume":"50","author":"D'Alessandris C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251357875","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Effect of Periodontal Therapy on HbA1c Changes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"105","author":"Chee H. K.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.03.043","article-title":"Maladaptive Innate Immune Training of Myelopoiesis Links Inflammatory Comorbidities","volume":"185","author":"Li X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018030585","article-title":"Primed PMNs in Healthy Mouse and Human Circulation Are First Responders During Acute Inflammation","volume":"3","author":"Fine N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Advances"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417583","article-title":"How Neutrophils Shape the Immune Response: Reassessing Their Multifaceted Role in Health and Disease","volume":"24","author":"Shafqat A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1533620","article-title":"Trained Immunity in Diabetes: Emerging Targets for Cardiovascular Complications","volume":"16","author":"Bai Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901348","article-title":"Hyperglycemic Memory of Innate Immune Cells Promotes In\u00a0Vitro Proinflammatory Responses of Human Monocytes and Murine Macrophages","volume":"206","author":"Thiem K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1251","article-title":"Evaluating the Role of Epigenetic Histone Modifications in the Metabolic Memory of Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Miao F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0365","article-title":"Diabetes Primes Neutrophils for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Through Trained Immunity","volume":"7","author":"Shrestha S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81131","article-title":"Regulation of Chronic Inflammatory and Immune Processes by Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"126","author":"Robbins P. D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03763-7","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Perspective: Mechanism and Targeted Therapy","volume":"23","author":"Sheng Q.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01735-1","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles as Tools and Targets in Therapy for Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Kumar M. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25459","article-title":"Physiological Functions of Glucose Transporter\u20102: From Cell Physiology to Links With Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Shen Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11960","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.220413597","article-title":"Phosphorylation and Inactivation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 by Protein Kinase A","volume":"97","author":"Fang X.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2023.117406","article-title":"Glycogen Synthase Kinase\u20103: A Potential Target for Diabetes","volume":"92","author":"Teli D. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8263","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158263","article-title":"GSK3\u2010Driven Modulation of Inflammation and Tissue Integrity in the Animal Model","volume":"25","author":"K\u00fchl F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12379","article-title":"Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis: The Role of Lipids, Inflammatory Cytokines, Altered Host Response, and the Microbiome","volume":"87","author":"Pirih F. Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1440216","article-title":"Obesity and Periodontitis: A Comprehensive Review of Their Interconnected Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications","volume":"11","author":"Reytor\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","first-page":"S153","article-title":"Age\u2010Related Changes in Immune Function (Immune Senescence) in Caries and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review","volume":"44","author":"Preshaw P. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa100","article-title":"Klotho: A Link Between Cardiovascular and Non\u2010Cardiovascular Mortality","volume":"13","author":"Lanzani C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Kidney Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35205-1","article-title":"Association Between Serum Alpha Klotho Levels and the Likelihood of Abdominal Aortic Calcification","volume":"16","author":"Liang D.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-019-0794-5","article-title":"Periodontitis and Diabetes","volume":"227","author":"Preshaw P. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415\u2010025\u20108889\u20107"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2342-y","article-title":"Periodontitis and Diabetes: A Two\u2010Way Relationship","volume":"55","author":"Preshaw P. M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12916","article-title":"Relationship Between Periodontitis and Microangiopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"56","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1513008","article-title":"Global Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease due to Diabetes Mellitus, 1990\u20102021, and Projections to 2050","volume":"16","author":"Ma X.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84985-x","article-title":"Contribution of Type 2 Diabetes to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) in a Long\u2010Term Observational Study With Different Stages of Atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Mader A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.125.045720","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Function in Periodontal Disease: Role of Inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Higashi Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.998313","article-title":"The Impact of Periodontitis on Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Li Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12318","article-title":"The Impact of Diabetes on Periodontal Diseases","volume":"82","author":"Graves D. T.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.06.008","article-title":"Single\u2010Cell RNA Profiling Identifies Immune Cell Population Shifts in Diabetes Associated Mucosal Inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Alghamdi B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0676-x","article-title":"NETosis Is Induced by High Glucose and Associated With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Menegazzo L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Diabetologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-021-00116-6","article-title":"Diabetes Fuels Periodontal Lesions via GLUT1\u2010Driven Macrophage Inflammaging","volume":"13","author":"Wang Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2020.94670","article-title":"Th17 and Regulatory T Cells in Patients With Different Time of Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"45","author":"Guzm\u00e1n\u2010Flores J. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Central European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7250","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.7250","article-title":"Chronic Hyperglycemia Predisposes to Exaggerated Inflammatory Response and Leukocyte Dysfunction in Akita Mice","volume":"177","author":"Gyurko R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI193289","article-title":"Diabetes Exacerbates Destructive Inflammation by Activating the CD137L\u2010CD137 Axis in Dendritic and IL\u201017+ T Cells","volume":"136","author":"Huang X.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.10.032","article-title":"High Glucose Concentrations Alter the Biomineralization Process in Human Osteoblastic Cells","volume":"50","author":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-025-02283-8","article-title":"Toll Like Receptors Promote High Glucose\u2010Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Regulating Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation","volume":"48","author":"Wu S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518755697","article-title":"Diabetes Activates Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts via NF\u2010\u03baB In\u00a0Vivo","volume":"97","author":"Zheng J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12002","article-title":"Hyperglycemia Induced and Intrinsic Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes\u2010Derived Osteoclast Function","volume":"19","author":"Catalfamo D. L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3470-y","article-title":"Diabetes Reduces Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fracture Healing Through a TNF\u03b1\u2010Mediated Mechanism","volume":"58","author":"Ko K. I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25829","article-title":"High Glucose Alters the Secretome of Mechanically Stimulated Osteocyte\u2010Like Cells Affecting Osteoclast Precursor Recruitment and Differentiation","volume":"232","author":"Maycas M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081188","article-title":"Transient High Glucose Causes Persistent Epigenetic Changes and Altered Gene Expression During Subsequent Normoglycemia","volume":"205","author":"El\u2010Osta A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-7617","article-title":"Transient Exposure to Elevated Glucose Levels Causes Persistent Changes in Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cell Responses to Injury","volume":"9","author":"Wang Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6987","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08574-3","article-title":"Epigenetic Changes Underlie the Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Diseases","volume":"50","author":"Veysari S. K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.05.018","article-title":"Increased Expression of Interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) Gene Transcript in Relation to IL\u20106 Promoter Hypomethylation in Gingival Tissue From Patients With Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"69","author":"Kobayashi T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archives of Oral Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13477","article-title":"Epigenetic Changes Caused by Diabetes and Their Potential Role in the Development of Periodontitis","volume":"12","author":"Li Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.12.001","article-title":"STAT3\u2010Mediated Epigenetic Silencing of FOXP3 in LADA T Cells Is Regulated Through HDAC5 and DNMT1","volume":"191","author":"Hou C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_11_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252010979","article-title":"Impacts of Hyperglycemia on Epigenetic Modifications in Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Gingiva in Diabetic Rats","volume":"25","author":"Kojima K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6056","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1919893117","article-title":"Histone H3K27me3 Demethylases Regulate Human Th17 Cell Development and Effector Functions by Impacting on Metabolism","volume":"117","author":"Cribbs A. P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1192625","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus Promotes Susceptibility to Periodontitis\u2010Novel Insight Into the Molecular Mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Zhao M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_11_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11203211","article-title":"The Relevance of DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Periodontitis: A Scoping Review","volume":"11","author":"Liaw A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70217","article-title":"Single Cell Sequencing Identifies Distinct Cellular Alterations in Impaired Aged and Diabetic Wounds","volume":"24","author":"Rojas Cortez L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0258","article-title":"Reepithelialization of Diabetic Skin and Mucosal Wounds Is Rescued by Treatment With Epigenetic Inhibitors","volume":"73","author":"Yang B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.016","article-title":"Spermidine Alleviates Diabetic Periodontitis by Reversing Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Senescence via Mitophagy","volume":"227","author":"Zhou Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.998244","article-title":"Impact of the Host Response and Osteoblast Lineage Cells on Periodontal Disease","volume":"13","author":"Zhou M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.08.017","article-title":"Bacterial Infection Increases Periodontal Bone Loss in Diabetic Rats Through Enhanced Apoptosis","volume":"183","author":"Pacios S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13142","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13142","article-title":"DKK1 Rescues Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated From Periodontal Ligaments of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Induced Periodontitis","volume":"5","author":"Liu Q.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518805739","article-title":"The Oral Microbiota Is Modified by Systemic Diseases","volume":"98","author":"Graves D. T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12908","article-title":"Glycaemic Status Affects the Subgingival Microbiome of Diabetic Patients","volume":"45","author":"Longo P. L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520906842","article-title":"Subgingival Host\u2010Microbial Interactions in Hyperglycemic Individuals","volume":"99","author":"Kumar P. S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77434-2","article-title":"Salivary Features of Periodontitis and Gingivitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Ebersole J. L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.03.015","article-title":"Consensus Report of the Joint Workshop of the Italian Society of Diabetology, Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology, Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (SID\u2010SIdP\u2010AMD)","volume":"31","author":"Adda G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251388340","article-title":"Understanding the Periodontitis\u2010Diabetes Linkage: Mechanisms and Evidence","volume":"105","author":"Graves D. T.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12808","article-title":"Scientific Evidence on the Links Between Periodontal Diseases and Diabetes: Consensus Report and Guidelines of the Joint Workshop on Periodontal Diseases and Diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation and the European Federation of Periodontology","volume":"45","author":"Sanz M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70000","article-title":"The Association of Periodontal Inflammation and Systemic Health Indicators: A Machine Learning Approach","volume":"52","author":"Yan Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22416-w","article-title":"Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Periodontitis: A Population\u2010Based Study","volume":"25","author":"Li Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2337\/dci20-0053","article-title":"Social Determinants of Health and Diabetes: A Scientific Review","volume":"44","author":"Hill\u2010Briggs F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35337-8","article-title":"An Umbrella Review of the Evidence Linking Oral Health and Systemic Noncommunicable Diseases","volume":"13","author":"Botelho J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12616","article-title":"Periodontal Disease: A Systemic Condition","volume":"96","author":"Villoria G. E. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jre.70131","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jre.70131","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jre.70131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T17:35:32Z","timestamp":1782581732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jre.70131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"references-count":144,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jre.70131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.70131","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3484","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jre.70131"}}