{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:06:08Z","timestamp":1789563968930,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Periodontal Research"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To systematically review and meta\u2010analyze cohort studies evaluating associations of gingival inflammation, periodontitis, and tooth loss with cognitive decline and incident mild cognitive impairment or dementia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n PROSPERO\u2010registered searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library identified cohort studies from inception through October 10, 2025, with a PubMed update on June 24, 2026. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia\/MCI; cognitive function outcomes were summarized qualitatively. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifty\u2010nine studies met inclusion criteria; 28 contributed to dementia\/MCI meta\u2010analyses. Severe periodontitis (HR:\u00a01.16; 95% CI: 1.06\u20131.27;\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090%;\n Q<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.49), periodontitis of unspecified severity (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.21\u20131.73;\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200998%;\n Q<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), edentulism (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.19\u20131.33), and low tooth count (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.14\u20131.42;\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200994%;\n Q<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) were associated with elevated dementia\/MCI risk. RoB was low in 31 studies (53%), moderate in 25 (42%), and high in 3 (5%); inadequate confounder adjustment was common. Meta\u2010regression showed stronger estimates for ICD\u2010code periodontitis definitions (fold change (FC)\u2009=\u20091.44 95% CI: 1.04\u20132.01), older cohorts (FC per year\u2009=\u20091.02 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05), and weaker estimates with lower RoB (FC per NOS star\u2009=\u20090.81 95% CI: 0.73\u20130.92). Follow\u2010up duration, cohort age, and RoB were not associated with tooth\u2010count estimates.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Periodontitis and tooth loss are associated with modestly higher dementia\/MCI risk and poorer cognitive function, but heterogeneity, residual confounding, and bias temper causal interpretation. Longitudinal studies with rigorous baseline cognition assessment and intervention studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.70177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:25:20Z","timestamp":1789561520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Periodontitis, Tooth Loss, and Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review With Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3429-0379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan T.","family":"Demmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences & Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine & Science Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine & Science Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2749-6136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, College of Medicine & Science Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2208-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlene E.","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7392-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyubov D.","family":"Slashcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Transformation Officer, Research Director, Apple Tree Dental New Brighton Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Tom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology & GH Sergievsky Center Columbia University New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4664-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao Xian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics, Department of Dental Specialties, College of Medicine & Science Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1863-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Kebschull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust Birmingham UK"},{"name":"NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0886-2364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souvik","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0648-6702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology & GH Sergievsky Center Columbia University New York New York USA"},{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6538-3618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panos N.","family":"Papapanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cDementia Fact Sheet \u201d2016 http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs362\/en\/."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70072-2","article-title":"The Projected Effect of Risk Factor Reduction on Alzheimer's Disease Prevalence","volume":"10","author":"Barnes D. E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"10452","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care: 2024 Report of the Lancet Standing Commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10265","article-title":"Early Inflammation and Dementia: A 25\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up of the Honolulu\u2010Asia Aging Study","volume":"52","author":"Schmidt R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0384-x","article-title":"Poor Oral Health as a Chronic, Potentially Modifiable Dementia Risk Factor: Review of the Literature","volume":"13","author":"Noble J. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2017.992","article-title":"Evidence Summary: The Relationship Between Oral Health and Dementia","volume":"223","author":"Daly B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Dental Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170313122937","article-title":"The Infectious Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"15","author":"Sochocka M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01382.x","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Systemic Inflammatory Responses to Periodontal Therapy","volume":"36","author":"Behle J. H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12664"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077441","article-title":"The Influence of Anti\u2010Infective Periodontal Treatment on C\u2010Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"8","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page M. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta\u2010Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology: A Proposal for Reporting. Meta\u2010Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) Group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup D. F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)\u2014A Metadata\u2010Driven Methodology and Workflow Process for Providing Translational Research Informatics Support","volume":"42","author":"Harris P. A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"G. A.Wells G.Wells B.Shea et\u00a0al. \u201cThe Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta\u2010Analyses \u201d2014."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2006.04.004","article-title":"Random\u2010Effects Model for Meta\u2010Analysis of Clinical Trials: An Update","volume":"28","author":"DerSimonian R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contemporary Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1159\/000449166","article-title":"Are Chronic Periodontitis and Gingivitis Associated With Dementia? A Nationwide, Retrospective, Matched\u2010Cohort Study in Taiwan","volume":"47","author":"Tzeng N. S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0282-6","article-title":"Association Between Chronic Periodontitis and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Retrospective, Population\u2010Based, Matched\u2010Cohort Study","volume":"9","author":"Chen C. K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13372","article-title":"Risk of Dementia in Patients With Periodontitis and Related Protective Factors: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"47","author":"Lee C. Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Associations Between Tooth Loss, Denture Use, and Dementia in Older Taiwanese Adults","volume":"88","author":"Chen Y. W.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.08.011","article-title":"Association Between Dental Diseases and Oral Hygiene Care and the Risk of Dementia: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"24","author":"Yoo J. E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265539X261450847"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12569","article-title":"Effects of Tooth Loss on Functional Impairment in Elderly: A Secondary Data Analysis of Elderly Cohort in the South Korea","volume":"20","author":"Cho H. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Dental Hygiene"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15828","article-title":"Association of Chronic Periodontitis on Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular Dementia","volume":"67","author":"Choi S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Asher A. L.Suominen R.Stephen T.Ngandu S.Koskinen andA.Solomon \u201cAssociation Between Poor Periodontal Health and 15\u2010Year Risk of Incident Dementia \u201d2023.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.073195"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14173","article-title":"Clinical and Radiological Markers of Periodontal Status and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia","volume":"52","author":"Asher S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13851","article-title":"Association of Tooth Count With Cognitive Decline and Dementia in the Finnish Adult Population","volume":"50","author":"Asher S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14324","article-title":"Tooth Loss and Decline in Functional Capacity: A Prospective Cohort Study From the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study","volume":"64","author":"Sato Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211049399","article-title":"Oral Status and Dementia Onset: Mediation of Nutritional and Social Factors","volume":"101","author":"Kiuchi S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_23_00091","article-title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Oral Health and Multiple Health Conditions: An Outcome\u2010Wide Approach","volume":"68","author":"Kino S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Prosthodontic Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18707","article-title":"Poor Oral Health and Dementia Risk Under Time\u2010Varying Confounding: A Cohort Study Based on Marginal Structural Models","volume":"72","author":"Kusama T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"7414","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring Inconsistency in Meta\u2010Analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins J. P.","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting Meta\u2010Analyses in R With the Metafor Package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer W.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1159\/000458411","article-title":"Is Periodontal Disease Associated With Alzheimer's Disease? A Systematic Review With Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Leira Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00648-x","article-title":"Influence of Periodontal Disease on Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Literature Review and a Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"35","author":"Nadim R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17978","article-title":"Periodontal Health, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Longitudinal Studies","volume":"70","author":"Asher S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020495","article-title":"The Role of Periodontitis and Periodontal Bacteria in the Onset and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Dioguardi M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2025.102094","article-title":"Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Kim D. H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Evidence\u2010Based Dental Practice"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0072","article-title":"Periodontal Infection, Systemic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance: Results From the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999\u20132004","volume":"35","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.039","article-title":"Periodontal Microbiota and Phospholipases: The Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST)","volume":"242","author":"Boillot A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12171","article-title":"Treatment of Periodontitis Improves the Atherosclerotic Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"41","author":"Teeuw W. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14S","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0402","article-title":"Periodontal Infections and Cardiovascular Disease: The Heart of the Matter","volume":"137","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510375281","article-title":"\u201cGum Bug, Leave My Heart Alone!\u201d\u2014Epidemiologic and Mechanistic Evidence Linking Periodontal Infections and Atherosclerosis","volume":"89","author":"Kebschull M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12664","article-title":"The Subgingival Microbiome, Systemic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study","volume":"44","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00825-3","article-title":"The Oral Microbiome in the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"20","author":"Tonelli A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Cardiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023038","article-title":"Nitrite Generating and Depleting Capacity of the Oral Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Risk: Results From ORIGINS","volume":"11","author":"Goh C. E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013324","article-title":"Association Between Nitrate\u2010Reducing Oral Bacteria and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: Results From ORIGINS","volume":"8","author":"Goh C. E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.811335","article-title":"Tooth Loss\u2010Associated Mechanisms That Negatively Affect Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments Based on Occlusal Support Loss and Cognitive Impairment","volume":"16","author":"Wang X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12258","article-title":"Periodontal Infection, Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Results From the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009\u20132010","volume":"41","author":"Arora N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1778","article-title":"Periodontal Status and A1C Change: Longitudinal Results From the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)","volume":"33","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0026","article-title":"Periodontal Disease and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Its Epidemiologic Follow\u2010Up Study","volume":"31","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519881978","article-title":"Subgingival Microbiota and Longitudinal Glucose Change: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS)","volume":"98","author":"Demmer R. T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis\n In Alzheimer's Disease Brains: Evidence for Disease Causation and Treatment With Small\u2010Molecule Inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Dominy S. S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12378","article-title":"Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease\u2010Results of a Trial Emulation Approach","volume":"18","author":"Schwahn C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia"}],"container-title":["Journal of Periodontal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jre.70177","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jre.70177","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jre.70177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:25:29Z","timestamp":1789561529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jre.70177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jre.70177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jre.70177","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3484","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jre.70177"}}