{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:03:12Z","timestamp":1780534992956,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01DA026837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA026837"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine how rural\/urban residence, perceived access, and other factors impede or facilitate perceived need for drug use treatment, a concept closely linked to treatment utilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred rural and 200 urban African American cocaine users who were not receiving treatment were recruited via Respondent\u2010Driven Sampling and completed a structured in\u2010person interview. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to test the associations between perceived need and rural\/urban residence, perceived access, and other predisposing (eg, demographics), enabling (eg, insurance), and health factors (eg, psychiatric distress).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>In bivariate analyses, rural relative to urban cocaine users reported lower perceived treatment need (37% vs 48%), availability, affordability, overall ease of access, and effectiveness, as well as lower perceived acceptability of residential, outpatient, self\u2010help, and hospital\u2010based services. In multivariate analyses, there was a significant interaction between rural\/urban residence and the acceptability of religious counseling. At the highest level of acceptability, rural users had lower odds of perceived need (OR = 0.21); at the lowest level, rural users had higher odds of perceived need (OR = 3.97) than urban users. Among rural users, the acceptability of religious counseling was negatively associated with perceived need (OR = 0.65). Ease of access was negatively associated (OR = 0.71) whereas local treatment effectiveness (OR = 1.47) and the acceptability of hospital\u2010based treatment (OR = 1.29) were positively associated with perceived need among all users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest rural\/urban disparities in perceived need and access to drug use treatment. Among rural and urban cocaine users, improving perceptions of treatment effectiveness and expanding hospital\u2010based services could promote treatment seeking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T16:08:37Z","timestamp":1410451717000},"page":"98-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Rural\/Urban Residence, Access, and Perceived Need for Treatment Among African American Cocaine Users"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Tyrone F.","family":"Borders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy College of Public Health University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda M.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Services Research Psychiatric Research Institute University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas"},{"name":"Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System  North Little Rock Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine E.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina General Administration  Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Cheney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Services Research Psychiatric Research Institute University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas"},{"name":"Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System  North Little Rock Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey M.","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Services Research Psychiatric Research Institute University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas"},{"name":"Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System  North Little Rock Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2007.00118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2007.00128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089909037242"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2000.61.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02287693"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.1999.tb00752.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0047-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.1.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-100100603"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.12.1618","article-title":"Perceived need for treatment for alcohol use disorders: results from two national surveys","volume":"60","author":"Edlund MJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Services"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897070903442459"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00192-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897070009511431"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2011 and 2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/NSDUH\/2012SummNatFindDetTables\/DetTabs\/NSDUH\u2010DetTabsSect1peTabs1to46\u20102012.htm. Accessed May 12 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Need for and Receipt of Substance Use Treatment among Blacks. Available at:http:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/2k13\/nsduh124\/sr124\u2010african\u2010american\u2010treatment.htm. Accessed May 12 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2006.67.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137284"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2004.tb00009.x"},{"issue":"123","key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"37246","article-title":"2010 Standards for delineating metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; Notice","volume":"75","author":"Office of Management and Budget","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","unstructured":"State Epidemiological Workgroup.Arkansas State Epidemiological Profile: Substance Use Consumption & Consequences; June2011. Available at:http:\/\/humanservices.arkansas.gov\/dbhs\/Documents\/Revised%20Epi%20profile%2006.30.11.pdf. Accessed January 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. American Community Survey 2006\u20102010 State & County QuickFacts. Available at:http:\/\/factfinder2.census.gov. Accessed November 6 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3096941"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2002.49.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014528612685"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198102000-00001"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2006.57.10.1452","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Substance Abuse Outcomes Module","volume":"57","author":"Smith GR","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700048017"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12\u2010item short\u2010form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"343","author":"Ware J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/73.4.1415"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-005-9002-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2004.tb00041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042613491108"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rural Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjrh.12092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjrh.12092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jrh.12092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T12:49:13Z","timestamp":1696250953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jrh.12092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jrh.12092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jrh.12092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-765X","1748-0361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-765X","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-0361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-09-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}