{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:22:49Z","timestamp":1787318569081,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007217","name":"Health Services Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCS 00\u2010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCS 00\u2010001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study is to determine whether rural residence is associated with trauma exposure or posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among military veterans seeking treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Delivering mental health services to veterans in rural areas is a challenge, so identifying differences in the causes and outcomes of trauma exposure would assist in effectively targeting service delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Veterans (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 196) entering SUD treatment at 3 Midwestern VA treatment centers were designated as either urban or rural, based on rural\u2010urban commuting area (RUCA) codes. The veterans completed the Life Events Checklist, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, and the Addiction Severity Index's psychiatric status subscale. Hypothesized relationships between rural\u2010urban residence and both trauma exposure and symptomology were tested using independent samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests, chi\u2010square tests, and ordinary least squares regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The range of traumatic experiences was similar between rural and urban veterans, and rural\u2010urban residence was not significantly associated with the overall array of traumas experienced or the symptom measures\u2019 overall scores or subscores. Of 17 possible traumatic lifetime experiences, rural veterans differed from urban veterans on only 2, reporting significantly lower rates of transportation accidents and unwanted sexual experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In both the causes of trauma and the need for treatment, veterans residing in rural areas differ little from their urban counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T09:54:55Z","timestamp":1470736495000},"page":"314-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trauma in Veterans With Substance Use Disorder: Similar Treatment Need Among Urban and Rural Residents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Lance Brendan","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication Department Western Illinois University\u2010Quad Cities  Moline Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Timko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation to Implementation VA Palo Alto Health Care System  Menlo Park California"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Use Disorders Program VA Nebraska\u2010Western Iowa Health Care System  Omaha Nebraska"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Fact sheet: Information about the VHA office of rural health and rural veterans","author":"VHA Office of Rural Health","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Carsey Institute Reports on Rural America. 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