{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:33:31Z","timestamp":1760866411204,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study aimed to identify homogenous groups of agricultural producers and stakeholders based on their perceptions of effectiveness and use of COVID\u201019 protective behaviors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted an online survey of agricultural producers and stakeholders through Qualtrics. Participants responded to 7 statements about COVID\u201019 protective behavior effectiveness and 7 statements about participation in COVID\u201019 protective behaviors in the previous 2 weeks. These statements included handwashing, disinfecting, refraining from touching one's face, covering one's face when coughing\/sneezing, staying at home, social distancing, and wearing a face mask. Additional survey sections included demographics and health history. We performed separate latent class analysis (LCA) to identify clusters of agricultural producers\u2019 and stakeholders\u2019 perceptions and participation in COVID\u201019\u2010related protective behaviors based on their pattern of responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on LCA, participants were distributed as universal believers (33%), social believers (16%), personal believers (26%), moderate believers (17%), and social skeptics (85%) of effectiveness and as low (15%), moderate (40%), and high (45%) adherents of COVID\u201019 protective behaviors. Those who were female, older, or had underlying health conditions were more likely to be universal believers and highly adherent. High adherence was also more likely among those who lived in urban areas or were not self\u2010employed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that groups of agricultural producers and stakeholders based on perception of effectiveness and participation in COVID\u201019 protective behaviors are associated with demographic and health characteristics. Public health campaigns that increase or maintain motivation to comply with protective behaviors should be developed and implemented specific for agricultural populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T10:28:47Z","timestamp":1657967327000},"page":"5-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From believers to skeptics: Latent class analysis of COVID\u201019 protective practices and perceptions among agricultural community members"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5815-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josie M.","family":"Rudolphi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Cuthbertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amandeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Health Science Institute University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Jesus N.","family":"Sarol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Health Science Institute University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID\u201019).2020.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/prevent\u2010gettingsick\/cloth\u2010face\u2010cover.html. 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