{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:04:25Z","timestamp":1789995865839,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009210","name":"Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010628","name":"Center for Tobacco Products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To determine the association between adult tobacco\/nicotine product use over time and residence location (urban, suburban, town, rural), controlling for demographics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Data from Waves 4\u20137 (2016\u20132023) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n = 18,590 adults) were analyzed using survey\u2010weighted logistic regression to evaluate location and time differences in likelihoods of current, daily, and established use of combustible tobacco, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), smokeless products, and poly use (\u22652 products).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared to those residing in urban locations, suburban residents were less likely to report current (adjusted odds ratio (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n ) = 0.88), daily (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.73), and established combustible products use (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.77); town residents were more likely to use these products currently (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.20) and daily (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.42), and rural residents were more likely to use daily (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.25) and report established use (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.33). Rural residents had a lower likelihood of current ENDS use (a\n OR<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.90), compared with those in urban locations. Compared with urban residents, current smokeless products use was more likely among rural residents (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.63) and less likely among those in suburban locations (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.74). Participants living in suburban (vs. urban) locations were less likely to use \u22652 products currently (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.89) or daily (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.79), while rural residents were more likely to engage in daily poly use (\n aOR<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.39). Time was a significant factor in all models, with fluctuating patterns across waves.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n These findings highlight nuanced geographic differences in tobacco\/nicotine product use patterns beyond simple urban\u2013rural comparisons, informing efforts to eliminate tobacco\/nicotine use disparities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.70140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:10:51Z","timestamp":1775891451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adult tobacco product use patterns across the urban\u2013rural continuum: The longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, 2016\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6279-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyanika W.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen J.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany Shorey","family":"Fennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2543-561X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny E.","family":"Ozga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Himelhoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5084-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saber","family":"Feizy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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