{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:02:08Z","timestamp":1789995728849,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rural Veterans face persistent barriers to care, often exacerbated by health care workforce shortages. Although recruitment initiatives are important, retaining providers in rural areas is equally critical to sustaining access and continuity of care. This rapid scoping review examined how \u201crural workforce retention\u201d is defined and measured in the peer\u2010reviewed literature and synthesized recommended reporting elements to improve clarity and comparability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six bibliographic databases were searched (2014\u20132025) for English\u2010language studies of rural health care in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia using terms related to rural workforce retention. Data were extracted on definitions of retention, time frames, and measurement approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2392 abstracts screened, 268 met inclusion criteria. Among these, 172 (64%) lacked a retention definition. Of the remaining 96, nearly half (45%) measured retention using providers\u2019 intentions to stay or leave; others relied on turnover or continued rural practice. More than half (61%) specified a retention timeframe, most often retrospectively (41\/59; 69%). Substantial heterogeneity across definitions, time horizons, and data sources led to the development of a reporting checklist outlining key conceptual, temporal, and methodological elements for retention research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inconsistent and incompletely reported measures of rural workforce retention limit evaluation and scalability of effective strategies. Research should explicitly define retention, specify a measurable time frame, and clearly report key conceptual and methodological elements to enable comparison across settings. For the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and other rural systems, clear retention metrics are essential to ensure workforce stability and sustain access to high\u2010quality care for rural Veterans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.70145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:19:15Z","timestamp":1775891955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rural health care workforce retention measures: A rapid scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Mengeling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VHA Office of Rural Health (ORH), Veterans Rural Health Resource Center\u2010Iowa City (VRHRC\u2010IC) Iowa City VHA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Center for Access &amp; Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Iowa City VA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VHA Office of Rural Health (ORH), Veterans Rural Health Resource Center\u2010Iowa City (VRHRC\u2010IC) Iowa City VHA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Center for Access &amp; Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Iowa City VA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey H.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center (HEROIC) Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Bryant","family":"Howren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VHA Office of Rural Health (ORH), Veterans Rural Health Resource Center\u2010Iowa City (VRHRC\u2010IC) Iowa City VHA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Center for Access &amp; Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Iowa City VA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riley J.","family":"Samuelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Libraries University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Section Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Rheumatology University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center (HEROIC) Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Office of Primary Care, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VHA Office of Rural Health (ORH), Veterans Rural Health Resource Center\u2010Iowa City (VRHRC\u2010IC) Iowa City VHA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"University of Iowa College of Nursing  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Archambault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transformative Health Systems Research to Improve Veteran Equity and Independence (THRIVE) Providence VA Medical Center  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VHA Office of Rural Health (ORH), Veterans Rural Health Resource Center\u2010Iowa City (VRHRC\u2010IC) Iowa City VHA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Center for Access &amp; Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Iowa City VA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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