{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:01:42Z","timestamp":1789995702404,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":68,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Family Resource Centers (FRCs) are place\u2010based programs with great potential to address rural access barriers and improve health outcomes, yet empirical evidence on these programs is lacking. Using multiple data sources from a longitudinal investigation in Wisconsin, this mixed\u2010methods study analyzed whether and how FRCs address rural access barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A convergent parallel mixed\u2010methods design was used to gather, analyze, and interpret quantitative and qualitative data. Data from the Child Opportunity Index were used to compare opportunities in rural and nonrural areas statewide and among 646 rural and nonrural families who received support from one of 18 FRCs. Qualitative data gathered from interviews with nine FRC participants and 11 FRC staff were synthesized to describe rural access barriers and facilitators. To compare the types of support received by rural and nonrural families, baseline survey data collected from 646 FRC participants were analyzed using chi\u2010square tests. To test whether FRC participation increased referral connections, follow\u2010up survey data collected from 319 FRC recipients and a matched sample of 458 adults were analyzed via logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disparities between rural and nonrural ZIP codes were evident statewide and in FRC catchment areas. Qualitative analyses identified rural resource gaps, transportation barriers, and FRC facilitators of family engagement. Baseline survey responses indicated that rural families were more likely to receive resource referrals; nonrural families were more likely to participate in parenting programming and parent\u2212child activities. Longitudinal analyses linked FRC participation to higher rates of resource connections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FRCs address social determinants that disproportionately affect rural communities. Implications for public health intervention and policy are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T10:00:03Z","timestamp":1786183203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing Access Barriers in Rural America: A Mixed\u2010Methods Study of Wisconsin's Family Resource Centers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8803-8702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Mersky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child and Family Well\u2010Being Helen Bader School of Social Welfare University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0724-7332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen E.","family":"Janczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child and Family Well\u2010Being Helen Bader School of Social Welfare University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7174-0329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child and Family Well\u2010Being Helen Bader School of Social Welfare University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7390-2243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Amphlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child and Family Well\u2010Being Helen Bader School of Social Welfare University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ChienTi Plummer","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child and Family Well\u2010Being Helen Bader School of Social Welfare University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-3926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K.","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4484-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child and Family Well\u2010Being Helen Bader School of Social Welfare University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Continuing Challenges in Rural Health in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Coughlin S. 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Accessed April 20 2026 https:\/\/portal.ct.gov\/\u2010\/media\/SDE\/FRC\/FRC_Evaluation.pdf?la=en."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1099\u20100860.1999.tb00122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Colorado Family Resource Center Association 2023\u20132024 Evaluation Report Executive Summary(2024). Accessed April 20 2026 https:\/\/www.cofamilycenters.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FRCA\u20102024\u2010Annual\u2010Evaluation\u2010Executive\u2010Summary_Final.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/48740024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2025.107839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475\u20106773.12117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/rj\u20102021\u2010073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Child Opportunity Index 3.0\u20102023 ZIP Code Data. diversitydatakids.org. 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