{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:01:58Z","timestamp":1789995718191,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":101,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper presents findings from a mixed methods evaluation of the Vet\u2010to\u2010Vet Program\u2014a virtual peer\u2010led support group developed to bridge geographic barriers and address social needs for rural Veterans living with chronic pain, which is nowbut open to all Veterans. This study evaluates outcomes and healthcare utilization patterns among Veterans participating in Vet\u2010to\u2010Vet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored outcomes of the Vet\u2010to\u2010Vet Program using a sequential mixed methods design with a pragmatic qualitative design and a retrospective observational quantitative design. First, we conducted focus groups and analyzed them with matrix analysis. Then, we calculated standardized mean differences to explore healthcare utilization 6 months prior to and 6 months after a Veteran's first Vet\u2010to\u2010Vet encounter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 40 Veterans participated in six focus groups and 110 Veterans were included in the observational cohort (i.e., attended five or more meetings at one of seven established sites). Focus group participants attributed the following outcomes to their participation in Vet\u2010to\u2010Vet: reduced social isolation and increased social connection, increased awareness and utilization of services, and improved physical and mental health. Quantitative findings demonstrated a small decrease in primary care utilization (SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.12) and a small increase in the use of Complementary and Integrative Health Services (SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.11) after Vet\u2010to\u2010Vet participation. We observed a small decrease in the number of Emergency Department encounters (SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.14) and hospital length of stay, when hospitalized (SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.19).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Vet\u2010to\u2010Vet Program may increase social connection, improve health outcomes, and change how Participants navigate their care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.70217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:34:52Z","timestamp":1789032892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic Pain in Community: A Mixed Methods Evaluation of the Vet\u2010to\u2010Vet Program"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6498-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael R.","family":"Kenney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Denver Center of Innovation Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Gunzburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Denver Center of Innovation Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2545-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drew","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Pain and Wellness Center Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0074-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyla L.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Denver Center of Innovation Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Denver Center of Innovation Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Chronic Pain and Wellness Center Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.70058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqy160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S526555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Office of Rural Health \u201cU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Rural Veterans \u201d accessed April 9 2026 https:\/\/www.ruralhealth.va.gov\/aboutus\/ruralvets.asp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"U.S Congress \u201cComprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act 2016 \u201d2016 accessed July 22 2026 https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/114\/plaws\/publ198\/PLAW\u2010114publ198.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2026.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126\u2010022\u201009971\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102648.1999.01041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010publhealth\u2010032013\u2010182450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010022\u201007816\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464\u2010008\u20109181\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"C.BurzinskiandA.Zgierska \u201cWhole Health Library: Recovery\u2010Oriented Mutual Self\u2010Help Groups \u201d2014 accessed April 9 2026 https:\/\/www.va.gov\/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY\/tools\/recovery\u2010based\u2010mutual\u2010self\u2010help\u2010groups.asp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2018.29061.gau"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs \u201cWhole Health \u201d Published online March 27 2026 https:\/\/www.va.gov\/wholehealth\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/fp.0646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/jbisrir\u20102014\u20101590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202100138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation","author":"Merriam S. B.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104973230201200611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.72.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20100361.2010.00298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture \u201cEconomic Research Service. 2020 Rural\u2010Urban Commuting Area Codes \u201d July 2025 https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes\/documentation."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/sbr.2009.0074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES\u201022\u201000137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2020.0124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2017.1421188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep14030124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2019.100829"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732316680203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.30090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001764"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Rural Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jrh.70217","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jrh.70217","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jrh.70217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:06:42Z","timestamp":1789992402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jrh.70217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jrh.70217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jrh.70217","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-765X","1748-0361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-765X","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-0361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70217"}}