{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:23:25Z","timestamp":1791285805593,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,20]],"date-time":"2013-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>In an endemic area for leishmaniosis and filariasis, coinfection can occur and the immunomodulation triggered by <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> infection might influence the clinical signs and progression of both diseases. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> in dogs infected with <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic> and other filarial nematodes, to evaluate the prevalence of coinfection of <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>, filariae and <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> and their association with clinical presentation.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect filarial species, <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> species and <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> in 118 samples of dogs from southeastern Spain with leishmaniosis and\/or filariasis.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Ninety\u2010eight dogs were infected with <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> and 49 had filarial infection (29 were coinfected with both). <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was detected in 30\u00b76% of filariae\u2010positive dogs (15\/49). Dogs coinfected with <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> and filaria had more severe clinical signs. <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> infection was significantly (P=0\u00b7026) more frequent in dogs that were not infected with <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>. There was no correlation between outcome and coinfection with these pathogens.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>This study highlights the increased sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of filariasis, confirms the presence of <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> in dogs from the Mediterranean basin, shows the increased severity of clinical signs when <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\u2010filarial coinfection is present and suggests a protective role of <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> in leishmaniosis.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,20]],"date-time":"2013-02-20T15:57:49Z","timestamp":1361375869000},"page":"174-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["<i>Wolbachia<\/i>, filariae and <i>Leishmania<\/i> coinfection in dogs from a Mediterranean area"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"M.D.","family":"Tabar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterinario San Vicente, San Vicente del Raspeig  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Altet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterinario San Vicente, San Vicente del Raspeig  Alicante Spain"},{"name":"Vetgenomics, Parc de recerca UAB, edifici Eureka Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterinario San Vicente, San Vicente del Raspeig  Alicante Spain"},{"name":"Servei Veterinari de Gen\u00e8tica Molecular Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona 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