{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:12:13Z","timestamp":1790896333216,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]],"date-time":"2013-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Pharmacological management of feline hyperthyroidism offers a practical treatment option for many hyperthyroid cats. Two drugs have been licensed for cats in the last decade: methimazole and its pro\u2010drug carbimazole. On the basis of current evidence and available tablet sizes, starting doses of 2\u00b75 mg methimazole twice a day and 10 to 15 mg once a day for the sustained release formulation of carbimazole are recommended. These doses should then be titrated to effect in order to obtain circulating total thyroxine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TT4<\/jats:styled-content>) concentrations in the lower half of the reference interval. Treated cases should be monitored for side\u2010effects, especially during the first months of treatment. Some side\u2010effects may require discontinuation of treatment. At each monitoring visit, clinical condition and quality of life should also be evaluated, with special attention to possible development of azotaemia, hypertension and iatrogenic hypothyroidism. When euthyroidism has been achieved, monitoring visits are recommended after 1 month, 3 months and biannually thereafter. Cats with pre\u2010existing azotaemia have shorter survival times. However, development of mild azotaemia during the initial course of treatment, unless associated with hypothyroidism, does not appear to decrease survival time. The long\u2010term effects of chronic medical management require further study<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]],"date-time":"2013-12-27T13:42:43Z","timestamp":1388151763000},"page":"4-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Best practice for the pharmacological management of hyperthyroid cats with antithyroid drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Daminet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent 9820 Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. S.","family":"Kooistra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Fracassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NationWide Laboratories Poulton\u2010le\u2010Fylde Lancashire FY6 7LJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hibbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Feline Centre, Langford Veterinary Services University of Bristol Langford Bristol BS40 5DU"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Justus\u2010Liebig University Giessen 35392 Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. T.","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Neiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Justus\u2010Liebig University Giessen 35392 Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micen Vet, Zone Creteil Europarc 94000 Cr\u00e9teil France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. M.","family":"Syme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Royal Veterinary College, University of London Herts AL9 7TA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Villard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isavet Biosciences 93390 Clichy sous Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dechra Veterinary Products Limited Shrewsbury Shropshire SY4 4AS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Anonymous. (2009)Freedom of Information Summary. NADA 141\u2010292. Felimazole coated tablets. May 27 2009. US Food and Drug Administration http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AnimalVeterinary\/Products\/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts\/. FOIADrugSummaries\/UCM165091.pdf. Accessed November 28 2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Anonymous. (2008)Publicly Available Assessment Report for a Veterinary Medicinal Product. Felimazole 2.5 mg Coated Tablets for Cats Veterinary Medicines Directoratehttp:\/\/www.vmd.defra.gov.uk\/ProductInformationDatabase. Accessed November 28 2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Anonymous. (2012a)Summary of Product Characteristics. Felimazole 2.5\u2009mg Coated Tablets for Cats (revised March 2012) Veterinary Medicines Directorate http:\/\/www.vmd.defra.gov.uk\/ProductInformationDatabase. Accessed November 28 2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Anonymous. (2012)Summary of Product Characteristics. Felimazole 5\u2009mg Coated Tablets for Cats (revised August 2012) Veterinary Medicines Directorate http:\/\/www.vmd.defra.gov.uk\/ProductInformationDatabase. Accessed November 28 2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Anonymous. (2012b)Summary of Product Characteristics. Vidalta 10 mg Tablets for Cats (revised January 2012) Veterinary Medicines Directorate http:\/\/www.vmd.defra.gov.uk\/ProductInformationDatabase. Accessed November 28 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Anonymous. (2012c)Summary of Product Characteristics. Vidalta 15 mg Tablets for Cats (revised January 2012) Veterinary Medicines Directorate http:\/\/www.vmd.defra.gov.uk\/ProductInformationDatabase. Accessed November 28 2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Effects of methimazole on renal function in cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"36","author":"Becker T. J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb01941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.161.21.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11858.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"E. Chapman L. Johnston P. Graham 2005 Glasgow United Kingdom 218 219"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"196","volume-title":"Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction","author":"Feldman E. C","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2008.00949.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00772.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"B. Gallagher C. T. Mooney P. A. Graham 2011 Birmingham United Kingdom p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.12.1745","article-title":"Changes in renal function associated with treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"55","author":"Graves T. K.","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"L. S. Harley M. E. Peterson C. E. Langston 2011 Denver USA 678 679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00799.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2002.00405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-612X(02)00095-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"International Renal Interest Society guidelines. Treatment recommendations (June2009).http:\/\/www.iris\u2010kidney.com\/guidelines\/en\/index.shtml. Accessed November 28 2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of transdermal methimazole in the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism","volume":"47","author":"L\u00e9cuyer M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Serum concentrations of methimazole in cats after a single oral dose of controlled\u2010release carbimazole or sugar\u2010coated methimazole (thiamazole)","volume":"11","author":"Longhofer S. L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2006.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.4.559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(01)50008-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1992.tb01122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.208.12.2004","article-title":"Effect of illness not associated with the thyroid gland on serum total and free thyroxine concentrations in cats","volume":"208","author":"Mooney C. T.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","unstructured":"L. D. Morrow V. J. Adams J. Elliott 2009 Montreal Canada 699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of methimazole in children and adolescents with Graves\u2019 disease. Studies on plasma and intrathyroidal concentrations","volume":"115","author":"Okuno A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","unstructured":"Oxford Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine. Levels of Evidence (March2009).http:\/\/www.cebm.net\/index.aspx?o=1025. Accessed November 28 2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(93)90134-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","unstructured":"M. E. Peterson M. R. Broome 2012 Maastricht The Netherlands 224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1988.tb02812.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb01500.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0370.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Acquired myasthenia gravis in hyperthyroid cats on Tapazole therapy","volume":"11","author":"Shelton G. D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(91)90055-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1991.tb00850.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","unstructured":"J. Wakeling C. Rob J Elliott 2006 185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2005.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0550.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0566.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","unstructured":"T. L. Williams J. Elliott H. M. Syme 2012 753 754"}],"container-title":["Journal of Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjsap.12157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjsap.12157","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.12157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T05:30:28Z","timestamp":1716355828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsap.12157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsap.12157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.12157","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4510","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]]}}}