{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T07:07:06Z","timestamp":1772003226617,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>To compare characteristics of nasal discharge caused by different intranasal aetiologies in dogs<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Medical records of 105 dogs with nasal discharge due to intranasal disease were retrospectively reviewed with special focus on composition, severity, duration and localisation of discharge. On the basis of diagnostic findings, cases were classified into different disease groups and characteristics of discharge were compared between groups<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Cases were classified as having non\u2010specific rhinitis (n=42), nasal neoplasia (n=23), foreign bodies (n=21), nasal mycosis (n=7) and miscellaneous disorders (n=13). Dogs with foreign bodies or nasal mycosis were significantly younger. Mucous components of discharge occurred more often in non\u2010specific rhinitis and nasal neoplasia, although haemorrhagic components predominated in nasal neoplasia when discharge lasted \u00ea14 days. Pure or mixed haemorrhagic discharge was significantly more common with nasal neoplasia, foreign bodies and nasal mycosis. Purulent components were associated with longer duration of discharge and predominantly seen in non\u2010specific rhinitis and foreign bodies. Dogs with foreign bodies were presented earlier and sneezing was more frequent. Nasal stridor was significantly more often observed in dogs with nasal neoplasia<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Characteristics of nasal discharge and associated clinical signs might aid in planning the diagnostic approach, but a combination of diagnostic techniques is still required to confirm a diagnosis<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T10:30:45Z","timestamp":1389781845000},"page":"145-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Characteristics of canine nasal discharge related to intranasal diseases: a\u2009retrospective study of 105 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"H. D.","family":"Plickert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Clinic for Small Animals \u2013 Internal Medicine 1210 Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tichy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Platform 1210 Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Hirt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Clinic for Small Animals \u2013 Internal Medicine 1210 Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-8706-3.50042-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.12.1843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"742","article-title":"Retrospektive Studie von 143 F\u00e4llen (1997\u20102001) mit chronischem Nasenausfluss bei Hund und Katze","volume":"84","author":"Bolln G.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Praktischer Tierarzt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Grass awn migration in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 182 cases","volume":"182","author":"Brennan K. 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