{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:45:42Z","timestamp":1793717142309,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]],"date-time":"2015-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution affecting most mammalian species. Clinical leptospirosis is common in dogs but appears to be rare in cats. Both dogs and cats, however, can shed leptospires in the urine. This is problematic as it can lead to exposure of humans. The control of leptospirosis, therefore, is important not only from an animal but also from a public health perspective. The aim of this consensus statement is to raise awareness of leptospirosis and to outline the current knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic tools, prevention and treatment measures relevant to canine and feline leptospirosis in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]],"date-time":"2015-03-06T00:40:36Z","timestamp":1425602436000},"page":"159-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":248,"title":["European consensus statement on leptospirosis in dogs and cats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Schuller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Francey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Kleintierklinik Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t Munich 80539 Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hugonnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Internal Medicine, VetAgro Sup, Research Unit RS2GP, USC 1233 University of Lyon 69280 Marcy l'Etoile France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Kohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin 14163 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Nally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Ames IA 50010 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine &amp; Epidemiology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(97)80079-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.371"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-11-4-387"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1996.tb02360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1128\/am.29.1.30-33.1975","article-title":"Pathogenic leptospiras isolated from Malaysian surface waters","volume":"29","author":"Alexander A. D. E.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Increase in seroprevalence of canine leptospirosis and its risk factors, Ontario 1998\u20132006","volume":"73","author":"Alton G. D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101333"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00102.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5748"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812002087"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.8.1894-1898.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01310-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121547"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.2.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1780"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00944.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03640.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1979.40.06.839","article-title":"Chronic active hepatitis in dogs associated with Leptospires","volume":"40","author":"Bishop L.","year":"1979","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Finds fault with implications of PCR assay conclusions","volume":"223","author":"Bolin C. A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02452-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","first-page":"270","article-title":"Recurrent uveitis in horses: vitreal examinations with ultrastructural detection of leptospires. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A Physiology","volume":"54","author":"Brandes K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pathology Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008264.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-91"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822005000400003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"30","author":"Bruchim Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compendium on Continuing Education for Veterinarians"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1976.tb06986.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000500011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702008000300016"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00973-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5484-5488.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.4.439"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711280403"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-006-0163-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1993.tb00823.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1986.tb03768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c4965"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003215"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","volume-title":"Leptospira and Leptospirosis","author":"Faine S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-79-6-777"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","first-page":"783","volume-title":"Detection of leptospiruria in shelter cats in Colorado. Proceedings of the the 30th annual congress of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"Fenimore A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Experimental feline leptospirosis","volume":"54","author":"Fessler J. F.","year":"1964","journal-title":"The Cornell Veterinarian"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2004.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01617.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","volume-title":"Clinical features and epidemiology of presumptive canine leptospirosis in western Switzerland (2003\u20132005)","author":"Francey T.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","volume-title":"Regional citrate anticoagulation for extracorporeal blood purification techniques","author":"Francey T.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of hemostatsis in 256 dogs with renal disease","author":"Francey T.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.10.1373"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000612"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102046"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006043"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02886.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","first-page":"431","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"Greene E. C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1816"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1100"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","author":"Guidugli F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antibiotics for treating leptospirosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.102822"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"Canine leptospirosis in New Jersey and Michigan: 17 cases (1990\u20131995)","volume":"32","author":"Harkin K. R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1224"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0352"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-6724(84)80053-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13489217"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1952.00240060121015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","article-title":"Leptospira canicola and chronic nephritis in cats","volume":"300","author":"Hemsley L. A.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.7.941"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of an esophago\u2010jejunal feeding technique in dogs with severe acute kidney injury","author":"Hinden S.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","unstructured":"Hugonnard M. Djelouadji Z. Pouyot\u2010Nevoret C. et al. (2011)Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis: comparison with serologic testing in 33 dogs.Proceedings of ECVIM\u2010CA Congress.2011 Seville Spain"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.152.5.955"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","unstructured":"International Leptospirosis Society. (2013) International Leptospirosis MAT Proficiency Testing Scheme"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0170"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d740"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1978.39.03.449","article-title":"Pathogenesis of experimental Leptospira interrogans, serovar bataviae, infection in the dog: microbiological, clinical, hematologic, and biochemical studies","volume":"39","author":"Keenan K. P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","volume-title":"Long\u2010term outcome of dogs with acute kidney injury","author":"Kis I.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(03)00152-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"A novel tetravalent Leptospira bacterin protects against infection and shedding following challenge in dogs","volume":"174","author":"Klaasen H. L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","first-page":"4271","article-title":"Appearance in Holland of Leptospira differing from Weil Strain","volume":"77","author":"Klarenbeek A.","year":"1933","journal-title":"Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/928541"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2208"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","first-page":"893","article-title":"Clinical findings, diagnostics and treatment results in primary and secondary immune\u2010mediated thrombocytopenia in the dog","volume":"45","author":"Kohn B.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kleintierpraxis"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","first-page":"1969","volume-title":"Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"Langston C","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Prevalence of feline leptospirosis: serologic survey and attempts of isolation and demonstration of the agent","volume":"11","author":"Larsson C. E.","year":"1984","journal-title":"The International Journal of Zoonoses"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12273"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12335"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(00)00293-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/346208"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","volume-title":"Prevalence of Leptospira Urinary Shedding in Healthy Dogs From Southern Germany","author":"Llewellyn J. R.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","unstructured":"O. Luciani 2004 Nantes France"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000154"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000187069"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110707242"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00900.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ocii.6.2.75.4045"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1972.tb05088.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02921.x","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features and outcome predictors of Leptospira interrogans Australis serogroup infection in dogs: a retrospective study of 20 cases (2001\u20132004)","volume":"21","author":"Mastrorilli C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700640115"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2007.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281\/a000139"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0704.x"},{"issue":"449","key":"e_1_2_15_114_1","first-page":"e441","article-title":"Severe leptospirosis: treatment with intravenous corticosteroids and supportive care","volume":"31","author":"Minor K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12085"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.1102"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.19.615"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63198-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375226"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200205-450CR"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_125_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Intertype immunity relations of Leptospira strains belonging to the \u201cAustralis\u201d serogroup","volume":"25","author":"Plesko I.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biologia (Bratisl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.129.2.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-51-5-861"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-38"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_130_1","article-title":"Leptospirosis in a cat","volume":"64","author":"Rees H. G.","year":"1964","journal-title":"New Zealand Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00345.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12287"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-0991-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00336-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_136_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"A study of sutopsy findings in 62 cases of leptospirosis in a metropolitan city in India","volume":"51","author":"Salkade H. P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Postgraduate Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_138_1","volume-title":"Investigations into the pathogenic mechanisms of the leptospiral pulmonary haemorrahge syndrome (LPHS)","author":"Schuller S","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1622869","article-title":"Ileocolic intestinal intussusception in a dog with leptospirosis","volume":"38","author":"Schulz B. S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tierarztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere Heimtiere"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_140_1","volume-title":"Pulmonary hemorrhage as an emerging complication of acute kidney injury due to canine leptospirosis","author":"Schweighauser A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_141_1","volume-title":"Treatment of pulmonary haemorrhage in canine leptospirosis with desmopressin and dexamethasone","author":"Schweighauser A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000185943"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2009.069575"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)32291-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00129-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588101800508","article-title":"Urban rats as chronic carriers of\u2009leptospirosis: an ultrastructural investigation","volume":"18","author":"Sterling C. R.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000610"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.9.1316"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-7-169"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2006.00464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314424"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_155_1","volume-title":"Leptospirose canine: suivie de plusieurs ann\u00e9es de r\u00e9sultats s\u00e9rologiques","author":"Triger L.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_156_1","first-page":"901","article-title":"The role of glucocorticoid pulse therapy in pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis","volume":"49","author":"Trivedi S. V.","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_157_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Plasma exchange with immunosuppression in pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage due to leptospirosis","volume":"131","author":"Trivedi S. V.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.848-853.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2010-0091.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05524-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00203-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00183-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91230-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/86354"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_168_1","unstructured":"WHO W. H. O. (2003) Human leptospirosis: guidance for diagnosis surveillance and control.http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/hq\/2003\/WHO_CDS_CSR_EPH_2002.23.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11112017","article-title":"Leptospira outer membrane protein activates NF\u2010kappaB and downstream genes expressed in medullary thick ascending limb cells","volume":"11","author":"Yang C. W.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(03)00029-X"}],"container-title":["Journal of Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjsap.12328","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjsap.12328","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.12328","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T15:21:53Z","timestamp":1747754513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsap.12328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":170,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsap.12328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.12328","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4510","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}}}