{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:05:49Z","timestamp":1780581949061,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To summarise clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and long\u2010term outcome for dogs clinically diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin affecting the spinal cord alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records were reviewed for dogs diagnosed with presumptive spinal\u2010only meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin between 2006 and 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>21 dogs were included; the majority presented with an acute (43%) or chronic (52%) onset of neurological signs. Ambulatory paresis was the most common neurological presentation (67%). Neurological examination most commonly revealed a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T3\u2010L3<\/jats:styled-content> myelopathy, and spinal hyperaesthesia was a common finding (71%). A spinal cord lesion was visible in 90% of cases on magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen lesions (86%) showed parenchymal contrast enhancement and 17 lesions (81%) showed contrast enhancement of overlying meninges. All dogs were treated with immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticosteroids, sometimes combined with cytosine arabinoside. At time of data capture, 10\/21 dogs (48%) had died or been euthanased because of the condition. Overall median survival time was 669 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs presenting with a progressive myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging features can possibly help to distinguish presumptive meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin from other more common spinal diseases. Overall, long\u2010term survival is guarded, approximately 50% of dogs will die or be euthanased despite appropriate therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T13:45:45Z","timestamp":1488894345000},"page":"174-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and outcome in dogs diagnosed withpresumptive spinal\u2010only meningoen\u2010cephalomyelitis of unknown origin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Cornelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College University of London  Hatfield Hertfordshire AL97TA, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke 9820 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7312-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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