{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T11:15:55Z","timestamp":1779275755662,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether Cicalfate\u00ae (Avene), a commercially available skin cream, or its active ingredient \u2013 sucralfate \u2013 demonstrate in vitro antimicrobial effect against common veterinary cutaneous pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective study assessing in vitro susceptibility of standardised and clinical strains of common veterinary cutaneous pathogens to titrated concentrations of sucralfate in either saline solution (range 0\u22192 to 200\u2009mg\/mL) or in Cicalfate\u00ae restorative cream solubilised in DMSO (range 0\u2219002 to 1\u2009mg\/mL). Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth dilution in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both solutions demonstrated in vitro inhibitory effects against strains of <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:styled-content>, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>. Minimum inhibitory concentration ranges for susceptible bacteria tested in Cicalfate\u00ae solution and sucralfate solution were 0\u221906 to 0\u221925\u2009mg\/mL and 25 to 50\u2009mg\/mL, respectively. Sucralfate solution did not demonstrate antimicrobial effects against laboratory strains of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic> and neither solution demonstrated antimicrobial effects against the clinical strain of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. For organisms inhibited by sucralfate, Cicalfate\u00ae solution inhibited growth at lower sucralfate concentrations than sucralfate solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this pilot study suggest that Cicalfate\u00ae and sucralfate demonstrate in vitro antibacterial activity. Further in vitro and clinical studies are warranted to confirm these observations and determine their clinical utility in the treatment of superficial pyoderma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T09:56:12Z","timestamp":1530698172000},"page":"691-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A pilot study investigating the in vitro efficacy of sucralfate against common veterinary cutaneous pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology Clinic  Marina del Rey California 90293 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Boord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology Clinic  San Diego California 92111 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ghubash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology Clinic  Marina del Rey California 90293 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Blondeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal University Hospital  Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 0W Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Avene USA. (2016). 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