{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:32:35Z","timestamp":1790807555135,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the technique and findings of the \u2018veterinary focused assessment with sonography for trauma\u2010airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure\u2019 protocol in dogs suffering from trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective observational study on a new point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound protocol on 64 dogs suffering from trauma and comparison of findings with radiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparison of the results of this new ultrasound protocol for trauma patients with radiography findings for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, alveolar\u2010interstitial syndrome and abdominal effusion revealed positive agreement of 89, 83, 100 and 87% and negative agreement of 76, 83, 76 and 92%, respectively. Novel findings of the \u2018veterinary focused assessment with sonography for trauma\u2010airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure\u2019 exam, which were not previously reported for dogs undergoing focused assessment with sonography for trauma, included alveolar\u2010interstitial syndrome (suggestive of pulmonary contusions), diaphragmatic hernia, retroperitoneal effusion and tracheal injury. Our new technique may also help identify increased intracranial pressure <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> changes in optic nerve sheath diameter and haemodynamic instability through the evaluation of the caudal vena cava and cardiac function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The described ultrasound examination protocol can be rapidly performed on dogs suffering from trauma during resuscitation and it may detect injuries previously undetectable using other veterinary point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T06:57:59Z","timestamp":1544770679000},"page":"173-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Veterinary\u2010focused assessment with sonography for trauma\u2010airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure: a prospective observational study in 64 canine trauma patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Armenise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario Santa Fara  Bari 70124 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Boysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary T2N 1N4 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Rudloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists  Glendale Wisconsin 53209 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AAT118 Milano AREU, Niguarda Ca\u2019 Granda Hospital  Milan 20162 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Spattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Castellarano Veterinary Clinic  Castellarano (RE) 42014 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Storti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lodi's ICU and Sub ICU Head ASST Lodi 26900  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"FDA. (2007) Statistical guidance on reporting results from studies evaluating diagnostic tests Center for Devices and Radiological Health March 13 2007.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/MedicalDevices\/DeviceRegulationandGuidance\/GuidanceDocuments\/ucm071287.pdf. Accessed February 25 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Critical ultrasound applications on a dog hit by car: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Armenise A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Critical Ultrasound Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Ultrasonographic measure of optic nerve sheath in canine patients with signs of raised intracranial pressure. A preliminary study","volume":"22","author":"Armenise A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1198"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.005438"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12759"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"403","volume-title":"Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery","author":"Crowe D. T.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15136"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2017.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"S4","article-title":"Echocardiographic findings in dogs with hypovolemia","volume":"15","author":"Durkan S. D.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481207801234","article-title":"Flat inferior vena cava: indicator of poor prognosis in trauma and acute care surgery patients","volume":"78","author":"Ferrada P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Surgeon"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.1.0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01658109409024061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2014.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(89)90283-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000133565.88871.E4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.10141"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2800"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12374"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12670"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2008.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12122"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12637"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"973","article-title":"Ultrasound measurements of the caudal vena cava before and after blood donation in 9 greyhound dogs","volume":"59","author":"Marshall K. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000196761.35256.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260680.16213.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2009.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01594.x","article-title":"The prognostic value of the modified Glasgow come scale in head trauma in dogs","volume":"15","author":"Platt S. R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkn002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199509000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(94)50135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.2.533"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2009.28.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-010-0892-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14692"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2513-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12732"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.6.666"}],"container-title":["Journal of Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjsap.12968","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.12968","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsap.12968","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.12968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T20:23:01Z","timestamp":1694722981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsap.12968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsap.12968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.12968","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4510","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}