{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:28:23Z","timestamp":1776310103190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe and evaluate the clinical application of temporomandibular joint injections using betamethasone and ropivacaine in German Shepherd dogs suffering from non\u2010odontogenic orofacial pain due to temporomandibular dysplasia and\/or osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcomes in dogs presented with clinical signs of non\u2010odontogenic orofacial pain associated to temporomandibular joint dysplasia and\/or arthritis and treated with a temporomandibular joint injection were retrospectively\u2010prospectively evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall clinical signs free period ranged between 25 to 1579\u2009days, with an average of 461\u2009days. The clinical signs free period for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis scores 1, 2 and 3 were on average 659\u2009days (180\u20101579\u2009days), 134\u2009days (42\u2010355\u2009days) and 723\u2009days (25\u20101377\u2009days), respectively. Similarly the temporomandibular dysplasia scores 1, 2 and 3 were on average 306\u2009days (26\u20101579\u2009days), 1377\u2009days and 669\u2009days (25\u20101429\u2009days) respectively. Those dogs in which only one side was injected the clinical signs free period average was 639\u2009days (25\u20101578\u2009days), compared with dogs in which both temporomandibular joints were injected showing a clinical signs free period average of 378\u2009days (42\u20101377\u2009days).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The temporomandibular joint injection technique proved to be feasible with a decent outcome in dogs suffering from non\u2010odontogenic orofacial pain associated with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and\/or dysplasia. Further randomised studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of this intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T06:43:42Z","timestamp":1604472222000},"page":"33-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Temporomandibular joint injections in dogs with temporomandibular joint pain: 11 cases (2015\u20102019)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4779-3816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. C.","family":"Almansa Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria  Old Soutpan Rd, Onderstepoort Pretoria 0110 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. M.","family":"Kirberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria  Old Soutpan Rd, Onderstepoort Pretoria 0110 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Steenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria  Old Soutpan Rd, Onderstepoort Pretoria 0110 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Pain reduction and improvement of function following ultrasound\u2010guided intra\u2010articular injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide and hyaluronic acid in hip osteoarthritis","volume":"30","author":"Araujo J. P.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostic Agents"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7675-6.00045-0","volume-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats","author":"Arzi B.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"CD005328","article-title":"Intraarticular corticosteroid for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"19","author":"Bellamy N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1986.tb02149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2007.01759.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00010","article-title":"Long\u2010term safety and efficacy of single or repeated intra\u2010articular injection of allogeneic neonatal mesenchymal stromal cells for managing pain and lameness in moderate to severe canine osteoarthritis without anti\u2010inflammatory pharmacological support: pilot clinical study","volume":"6","author":"Cabon Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90104-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Miller's Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Evans E. H.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.153.3.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0928-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1980.tb05960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Chondrotoxic effects of local anesthetics on human knee articular cartilage: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Jayaram P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-1-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(87)90443-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Intermittent open\u2010mouth lower jaw locking in five dogs","volume":"188","author":"Lantz G. C.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Assocication"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4618-6.00033-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2018.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2523081929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00083-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2008.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2002.00859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603516675915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516669944"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-004-0265-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-09-10-0107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Assessment of a single intra\u2010articular stifle injection of pure platelet rich plasma on symmetry indices in dogs with unilateral or bilateral stifle osteoarthritis from long\u2010term medically managed cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"11","author":"Venator K. P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.3.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Long\u2010term effect of intra\u2010articular injections of a glucocorticosteroid into the tmj: a clinical and radiographic 8\u2010year follow\u2010up","volume":"5","author":"Wenneberg B.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Craniomandibular Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00724-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040411"}],"container-title":["Journal of Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.13251","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsap.13251","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.13251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T17:39:21Z","timestamp":1693762761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsap.13251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsap.13251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.13251","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4510","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-01-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}