{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:00:00Z","timestamp":1793037600340,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate if maternal folic acid supplementation (5\u00a0mg) is associated with a reduction of cleft palates, umbilical hernias, stillbirths and caesarean sections in a guide dog breeding colony.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and Labrador\/golden Crosses from the breeding colony of a professional guide dog training organisation were eligible for inclusion. Dams in the treatment group (n\u00a0=\u00a0137) received 5\u00a0mg oral folic acid supplementation daily from the start of pro\u2010oestrous through day 40 of gestation. A historical control group (n\u00a0=\u00a0134) was selected from the previous calendar year for comparison. A logistic regression model identified the relative risk of disease (cleft palates, umbilical hernias, stillbirths and caesarean sections) for puppies whose dams did or did not receive folic acid supplementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1917 puppies (890 control, 1027 treatment; from 294 litters) were produced during the entire study period, with 994 puppies (494 control, 500 treatment; from 144 litters) born to the subset of dams (n = 72) who produced litters during both the control and treatment periods. All 95% highest posterior densities of relative risk included 1.0, failing to detect differences between the treatment and control groups on incidence rate of cleft palate (control: 2.25%; treatment: 2.34%), umbilical hernias (control: 1.91%; treatment: 3.12%), stillbirths (control: 3.26%; treatment: 2.92%) and caesarean sections (control: 1.45%; treatment: 1.28%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no observable reduction of cleft palate, umbilical hernia, stillbirth or caesarean section associated with folic acid supplementation during pregnancy in the study colony. For a domestic dog cohort with a low tendency of hereditary malformations, such as this study colony, 5\u00a0mg dietary folic acid supplementation should not be expected to drastically improve or eradicate these diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T12:05:12Z","timestamp":1611662712000},"page":"286-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Folic acid supplementation does not decrease stillbirths and congenital malformations in a guide dog colony"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"K. L.","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guide Dogs for the Blind San Rafael California 94903 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. R.","family":"Famula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of California Davis California 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0162-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. C.","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guide Dogs for the Blind San Rafael California 94903 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. M. N.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guide Dogs for the Blind San Rafael California 94903 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Bullis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guide Dogs for the Blind San Rafael California 94903 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Association of Animal Feed Control Officials. (2016)AAFCO official publication"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0460285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911113412001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Miller's anatomy of the dog, 4th edition","volume":"57","author":"Carioto L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v076.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.664943"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats","author":"Council N. R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2013-0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1997.36041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2003.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/06-BA117A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177011136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9686-15-2-201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"Epidemiology","author":"Gordis L.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Folic acid and cleft palate in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"16","author":"Guilloteau A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Waltham Focus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-229.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"Development and Validation of a Body Condition Score System for Dogs","author":"Laflamme D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Chapter\u00a05: A Genome\u2010Wide Association Study of Cleft Palate in the Labrador Retriever","author":"Lucot K.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90165-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/67049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/11-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420210115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2009.01405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1465313313Y.0000000048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/13861"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.285S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","volume-title":"Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook: Pocket","author":"Plumb D. C.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"300","article-title":"Canine embryonic and fetal development: a review","volume":"70","author":"Pretzer S. D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology, Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Society for Theriogenology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1994)031<0364:CPWART>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1295s"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team R.C.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005059"}],"container-title":["Journal of Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.13292","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsap.13292","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.13292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T19:13:18Z","timestamp":1693595598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsap.13292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsap.13292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.13292","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4510","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}