{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:04:43Z","timestamp":1790625883694,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report the available histology, biochemistry and clinical progression of dogs without classic overt biliary tract signs that underwent cholecystectomy for nongravity\u2010dependent biliary sludge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series of client\u2010owned dogs for which a cholecystectomy was performed for nongravity\u2010dependent biliary sludge. In six dogs, for which nongravity\u2010dependent biliary sludge filled less than half of gall bladder volume, gall bladder ejection fractions were measured. Available histology, biochemistry, presenting clinical signs and post\u2010surgical clinical progression were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen dogs were included in this retrospective case series. No dogs met the histological criteria for gall bladder mucocoeles or had histological evidence of primary hepatitis or cholangitis. Biochemistry was normal for 11 dogs. Hypercholesterolaemia was not noted in any dog. Twelve dogs had cholecystitis (11 lymphoplasmacytic, one neutrophilic) and nine dogs had biliary mucosal hyperplasia. Thirteen dogs had enteritis (12 lymphoplasmacytic, one eosinophilic) and nine dogs had reactive hepatitis (eight lymphoplasmacytic, one neutrophilic). All six dogs with nongravity\u2010dependent biliary sludge that filled less than half of gall bladder volume had sub\u2010optimal gall bladder function. Presenting clinical signs, including diurnal inappetence in the morning and exercise intolerance, resolved in 86% (12\/14) of dogs after cholecystectomy and clinical improvement was noted in 81% (13\/16) of dogs overall.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Duodenal inflammation could potentially impact gall bladder dysmotility in dogs with nongravity\u2010dependent biliary sludge. Furthermore, diurnal inappetence in the morning and exercise intolerance could indicate symptomatic gall bladder disease in dogs with NDBS and can potentially precede more obvious systemic clinical signs associated with gall bladder mucocoeles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T07:02:36Z","timestamp":1614236556000},"page":"478-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical characteristics and histology of cholecystectomised dogs with nongravity\u2010dependent biliary sludge: 16 cases (2014\u20102019)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"A. D.","family":"Viljoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vets4Pets Torquay Bridge Retail Park, Hele Road Torquay TQ2 7AP UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tamborini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dick White Referrals  Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0U UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. H.","family":"Bexfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.9.1451"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.160.4.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lps.1995.5.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12120"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.3.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-5318-4.00008-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13929"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13649"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191076"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3762(83)90187-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14866"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14898"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Effect of clinical signs, endocrinopathies, timing of surgery, hyperlipidemia, and hyperbilirubinemia on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele","volume":"32","author":"Jaffey J. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.9.982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"1828","volume-title":"Veterinary Surgery Small Animal","author":"Mayhew P. D.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Long term survival of dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele by cholecystectomy, medical management, or both","volume":"1","author":"Parkanzky M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medecine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.1615"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.5.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12910"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(00)50041-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00089-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. Part 1: recognition and diagnosis","author":"Silverstein D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Today's Veterinary Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2015.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1260358"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13974"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500180-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.11.1688"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50243"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00536.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.252.8.970"}],"container-title":["Journal of Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.13302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsap.13302","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.13302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T19:59:08Z","timestamp":1693425548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsap.13302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsap.13302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.13302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4510","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}