{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:27:45Z","timestamp":1770748065292,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment, outcome and potential association between non\u2010infectious inflammatory myopathy and malignancy in boxer dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Boxer dogs histologically diagnosed with non\u2010infectious inflammatory myopathy at the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, University of California San Diego from 2010 to 2018 and with complete medical records were included in this retrospective study. Signalment, history, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, treatment and outcome were documented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight boxer dogs with non\u2010infectious inflammatory myopathy, aged 1 to 11\u2009years, were included. Eighteen were male (16 neutered; two entire) and 10 were female (seven spayed; three entire). Clinical signs included generalised weakness (n=17), dysphagia (n=11) and weight loss (n=10). Serum creatine kinase activity was elevated in all 20 cases tested (range 908 to 138,000\u2009IU\/L). One dog had undifferentiated round cell neoplastic infiltration within the muscle at the time of inflammatory myopathy diagnosis. Five dogs historically had mast cell tumours and 21 dogs were not diagnosed with neoplasia prior, at the time of or after inflammatory myopathy diagnosis. Treatment included glucocorticoid monotherapy (n=12), cyclosporine monotherapy (n=1) or multiple immune\u2010suppressive medications (n=14). Six dogs neurologically improved, 11 improved but relapsed while on treatment, seven did not improve. Eight dogs were euthanased, one died, four were lost to follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Boxer dogs with non\u2010infectious inflammatory myopathy can present for generalised weakness and dysphagia; long\u2010term successful outcome is uncommon. The relationship between neoplasia and non\u2010infectious inflammatory myopathy in boxer dogs remains unclear; future prospective studies evaluating a larger cohort are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T06:36:02Z","timestamp":1621319762000},"page":"765-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical characteristics of non\u2010infectious inflammatory myopathy in the boxer dog"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1908-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. P.","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Thomovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. T.","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. D.","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(03)00079-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283317fa5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"481","volume-title":"Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology","author":"Dewey C. 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