{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T07:43:59Z","timestamp":1769154239998,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the causative organisms, clinical features and outcome of canine infective endocarditis in the UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of three veterinary referral hospitals were searched for dogs with infective endocarditis between December 2009 and December 2019. Signalment, clinical signs, causative organism, valve affected, treatment and survival data were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010seven cases with possible or definite infective endocarditis (according to the modified Duke criteria) were included. The majority were large breed (40\/77 \u2013 51.9%). There were 47 of 77 (61%) male dogs and the mean age was 7.3 \u00b13\u2009years. A causative organism was identified in 26 of 77 (33.8%) cases. The most common organisms were<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>(7\/27 \u2013 25.9%),<jats:italic>Pasteurella<\/jats:italic>spp. (5\/27 \u2013 18.5%),<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>spp. (4\/27 \u2013 14.8%) and<jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>spp. (4\/27 \u2013 14.8%).<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>spp. were not detected in any patients. The mitral valve was most commonly affected (48\/77 \u2013 62.3%). Clinical features were non\u2010specific, with lethargy being the most common clinical sign observed (53\/77 \u2013 68.8%). Fifty\u2010three dogs (68.8%) survived to discharge. The median survival time post discharge was 425\u2009days (2 to 3650\u2009days). The development of congestive heart failure was associated with a poorer outcome. Cardiac troponin concentration, antithrombotic use and the development of thromboembolism or arrhythmias were not significantly associated with outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some dogs with infective endocarditis that survive to discharge can have a long lifespan. The inability to detect an underlying organism is common and<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>spp. may be a less prevalent cause of canine infective endocarditis in the UK than in the USA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T05:40:55Z","timestamp":1667799655000},"page":"78-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Infective endocarditis in dogs in the<scp>UK<\/scp>: 77 cases (2009\u20102019)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Berrezaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Cruzado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Unit 6, Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, Ringwood Hampshire BH24 3JW UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Mederska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus University of Liverpool, Chester High Road Neston CH64 7TE UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dukes\u2010McEwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus University of Liverpool, Chester High Road Neston CH64 7TE UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Humm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3152-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000296"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"Bird L.(2016) Emerging infectious diseases in the UK. 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