{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:59:17Z","timestamp":1791417557064,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of the study was to determine the agreement between rectal, axillary and inguinal temperatures and to estimate the accuracy of these measurements in detecting hyperthermia and hypothermia in dogs presented at a veterinary teaching hospital in the tropical Guinea Savannah zone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospectively, body temperature was measured in 610 dogs, using digital thermometry in the axillary, inguinal and rectal regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, axillary and inguinal temperatures significantly underestimated rectal temperature, with a mean difference of \u22120.39\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u00b0C (95% confidence interval: \u22120.43 to \u22120.35; limit of agreement: \u22121.27 to 0.49) and\u2009\u2212\u20090.34\u00a0\u00b1\u20090.02\u00b0C (95% confidence interval, \u22120.37 to \u22120.30; limit of agreement: \u22121.15 to 0.47), respectively. The limits of agreement of axillary and inguinal temperatures were wide and above the pre\u2010determined maximal acceptable difference of \u00b10.50\u00b0C recommended for clinical significance of rectal temperature in dogs. Bland\u2013Altman plots showed that the confidence intervals of the mean differences of axillary and inguinal temperatures did not include the value zero, thereby indicating that the tested methods lack agreement with rectal temperature. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of hyperthermia with axillary temperature were 72.1% and 30.5%, respectively. In contrast, sensitivity and specificity for the detection of hyperthermia with inguinal temperature were 77.9% and 26.2%, respectively. The magnitude of disagreement between axillary, inguinal and rectal temperatures was affected by age, breed and sex being slightly lower in mature, non\u2010native breed and female dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Axillary and inguinal temperature measurements in dogs significantly underestimated rectal temperature measurements by \u22120.39\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u00b0C and \u22120.34\u00a0\u00b1\u20090.02\u00b0C, respectively. The results indicate that axillary and inguinal temperatures should not be used as a replacement for rectal temperature due to the wide limits of agreement. In addition, axillary and inguinal temperatures may not be suitable in detecting hyperthermia because the sensitivity were lower than the required set\u2010point of 90.0% for clinical identification of hyperthermia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T05:28:38Z","timestamp":1675747718000},"page":"330-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of axillary and inguinal temperature with rectal temperature in dogs at a veterinary teaching hospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. O.","family":"Zakari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Jos  Jos Nigeria"},{"name":"Winfred Thomas Agricultural Research Station Alabama A &amp; M University  Normal AL 35762 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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