{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:55:09Z","timestamp":1793130909197,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ureteral obstruction is a common post\u2010renal cause of azotaemia in cats. The objective of this study was to describe clinicopathological and point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound findings in azotaemic cats that may increase the index of suspicion of ureteral obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective case\u2013control study was conducted of azotaemic cats presenting to the emergency room of a referral teaching hospital. Cats were included if they were azotaemic and had point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound and formal ultrasound performed. Cats were grouped into obstructed and non\u2010obstructed groups based on formal specialist ultrasound and pyelography. Point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound findings were described, including renal size and symmetry, renal pelvis dilation, perinephric fluid, and visualisation of the proximal ureter or calculi. Univariate analysis was performed to identify historical, biochemical and point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound findings associated with ureteral obstruction before multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred twenty\u2010two azotaemic cats met the inclusion criteria. Seventy\u2010four cats were included in the obstructed azotaemic group and 48 cats in the non\u2010obstructed azotaemic groups. Point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound abnormalities were detected in 60 of 74 (81.1%) obstructed cats and 18 of 48 (37.5%) non\u2010obstructed cats. Renal pelvis dilation (odds ratio 38.8; 95% confidence interval 2.9 to 515), hyporexia (odds ratio 5.9; 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 30.13), hypercalcaemia (odds ratio 16.6; 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 223.0) and hypokalaemia (odds ratio 21.7; 1.33 to 354.62) were more likely to be associated with ureteral obstruction than non\u2010obstructive disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound abnormalities are documented frequently in azotaemic cats with ureteral obstruction. Cats with renal pelvis dilation were 39 times more likely to have ureteral obstruction than non\u2010obstructive acute kidney injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T08:41:41Z","timestamp":1691656901000},"page":"781-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The utility of clinicopathological findings and point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound in increasing the index of suspicion of ureteral obstruction in azotaemic cats presenting to the emergency room"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Beeston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences and Services Royal Veterinary College  Hawkshead Lane Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Dirrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences and Services Royal Veterinary College  Hawkshead Lane Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5865-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences and Services Royal Veterinary College  Hawkshead Lane Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16660442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.5.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18785738"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01729.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.254.7.826"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1980.tb04502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2221010453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12511"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"International Renal Interest Society. (2016)Grading of Acute Kidney Injury."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.932"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X17694253"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X17736657"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0410039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X20983980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.055913"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X211038535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Ultrasound of the Urinary Tract","author":"Southgate S. J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16279"}],"container-title":["Journal of Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.13661","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T05:35:23Z","timestamp":1704346523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsap.13661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsap.13661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.13661","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4510","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}