{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T13:42:57Z","timestamp":1771854177732,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess relationships between urine sediment and microbial culture findings and the presence of proteinuria in canine urine samples, and to assess the change in the percentage of proteinuric samples and urine protein\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio when urine abnormalities resolve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine urine samples collected <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> cystocentesis and submitted for culture and contemporaneous urinalysis (including urine protein\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio) were retrospectively identified. Dogs receiving corticosteroids were excluded. Associations between haematuria (red blood cells&gt;5\/high\u2010power field), pyuria (white blood cells&gt;5\/high\u2010power field), presence of microorganisms on microscopy, active sediment, and positive culture and proteinuria (urine protein\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio&gt;0.5) were investigated. Patient characteristics were considered possible confounders. In dogs with repeat urinalysis, the associations between active sediment and positive culture resolution on proteinuria and urine protein\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and ninety\u2010two of 491 samples were proteinuric (39.1%). Age was positively associated with proteinuria. In the multivariable analysis corrected for age, active sediment was the only variable significantly associated with proteinuria (adjusted odds ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.44 to 3.11); however, only 49.8% of samples with active sediment were proteinuric. Neither resolution of active sediment nor positive culture were associated with reduced proportions of proteinuric samples (from 57.9% to 42.1% and from 40.0% to 25.0%, respectively) or significant reductions in urine protein\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio (median change: \u22120.16 and \u22120.14, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Attributing proteinuria to urinalysis abnormalities or a positive urine culture in canine cystocentesis samples is not supported by our findings, and could result in alternative causes of proteinuria (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic> renal proteinuria) being overlooked.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T08:08:46Z","timestamp":1693037326000},"page":"749-758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The relationships between sediment findings and culture results and the presence of proteinuria in canine urine samples"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3969-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. A.","family":"Fulton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine The University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital  464 Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine The University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital  464 Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4238-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Czopowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2013SGGW  Nowoursynowska 159c 02\u2010776 Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. R.","family":"McBrearty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital and Vets Now  Glasgow Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Statistics with Confidence","author":"Altman D. G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00933.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15586"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Comparison of collection techniques for quantitative urine culture in dogs","volume":"173","author":"Carter J. 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