{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T02:50:48Z","timestamp":1781837448694,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report the presentation, treatment and outcome of dogs with granulomatous steatitis associated with total and ionised hypercalcaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six dogs diagnosed with ionised and\/or total hypercalcaemia and histologically diagnosed granulomatous steatitis were evaluated to determine the clinical signs, clinical findings, response to treatment and outcome. These cases were seen at different primary care and referral veterinary hospitals in the United Kingdom between 2019 and 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No alternative aetiology to explain the total and\/or ionised hypercalcaemia or steatitis was identified. The most common presenting signs were lethargy, anorexia or hyporexia, vomiting and polyuria\/polydipsia. Other clinical signs included weight loss, discomfort and panting. Five out of the six dogs responded to prednisolone. Four dogs were alive at the time of writing, one dog was lost to follow\u2010up and one dog died 2\u2009weeks post\u2010diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is well\u2010established that granulomatous disease can cause hypercalcaemia. In this case series we found granulomatous steatitis associated with total and\/or ionised hypercalcaemia. Dogs diagnosed with granulomatous steatitis should have ionised calcium measured, which may prompt further diagnostics and treatment options. Dogs with hypercalcaemia should be evaluated for evidence of steatitis where more common differentials have been excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T05:35:22Z","timestamp":1723095322000},"page":"704-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of presentation, treatment and outcome in dogs with granulomatous steatitis associated with hypercalcaemia: six cases (2019\u20102023)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Reyes\u2010Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Langford Vets, Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol  Langford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bivand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hayle Veterinary Surgery  Cornwall UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Castle Veterinary Group  Launceston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Valiente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Downs Specialist Referrals  Bletchingley Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Downs Specialist Referrals  Bletchingley Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4232-6589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Rapastella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Veterinary Specialists  Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6293-6662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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