{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:50:52Z","timestamp":1780681852922,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare manifestation commonly associated with acute cholecystitis complicated by gas\u2010producing organisms. The study aimed to describe the clinical and pathological features of emphysematous cholecystitis in cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The databases of 32 Diplomate\u2010led Small Animal Internal Medicine referral centres located in the United Kingdom and Ireland were searched. Five cases with confirmed feline emphysematous cholecystitis were identified and retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The main clinical signs included inappetence (100%), vomiting (80%) and lethargy (60%). The main abnormalities on physical examination were jaundice (60%), abdominal discomfort (40%) and organomegaly (40%). The most common laboratory abnormalities were leucocytosis (range 1.12\u2010 to 2.3\u2010fold increase), lymphopenia (range 0.4\u2010 to 0.93\u2010fold decrease), increased serum alanine transaminase activity (range 2.02\u2010 to 11.72\u2010fold increase) and hyperbilirubinemia (range 4.8\u2010 to 18.58\u2010fold increase). Abdominal imaging including ultrasound or computed tomography showed dilated intra\u2010 and extra\u2010hepatic bile ducts and luminal and\/or intra\u2010luminal gas foci in all cases. Bacterial culture identified a moderate growth of\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in one case and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in another case. Three cats survived to discharge following cholecystectomy; two of which had medical stabilisation prior to surgery. Two cats died; one was treated medically and the other treated surgically without prior medical stabilisation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first time that emphysematous cholecystitis has been described in a cohort of cats. It warrants consideration as a rare differential diagnosis in cats presenting with increased serum alanine transaminase activity and bilirubin. Medical stabilisation with antibiotic therapy followed by cholecystectomy may offer a favourable outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:38:44Z","timestamp":1750307924000},"page":"816-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinicopathological features of feline emphysematous cholecystitis: five cases (2017\u20102022)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3133-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Hernandez Perello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wear Referrals Veterinary Specialist &amp; Emergency Hospital  Stockton\u2010on\u2010Tees UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Willows \u2010 Solihull Veterinary Centre &amp; Referral Service  Solihull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Moloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newnham Court Veterinary Hospital  Maidstone UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Specialist Referrals  High Wycombe UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Emphysematous cholecystitis in a Siberian husky","volume":"41","author":"Armstrong J.A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.0004\u20108461.2004.01330.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JVIM.16868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.1980.tb00596.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1939\u20101676.2009.0427.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.20.10.0555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jfms.2001.0140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1939\u20101676.1993.TB03165.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1740\u20108261.2001.TB00918.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2327\/jjvas.51.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.2016.1139829"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/JAVMA.2005.226.1645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1740\u20108261.1972.TB00637.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12797"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1939\u2010165X.2006.TB00167.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8756479316631535"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"Intra\u2010abdominal infections, canine and feline infectious diseases","author":"Sykes J.E.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8756479316666030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjac600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JEMERMED.2021.01.036"}],"container-title":["Journal of Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.13897","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:48:04Z","timestamp":1762523284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsap.13897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsap.13897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.13897","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4510","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}