{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1773040138488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Identify if serum C\u2010reactive protein concentrations and specific diseases are associated with proteinuria (defined as urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2) in dogs without known pathological pre\u2010renal, renal or post\u2010renal causes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Hypothesis generating retrospective study. Dogs with contemporaneous\n urine protein:creatinine ratio<\/jats:styled-content>\n and serum\n C\u2010reactive protein<\/jats:styled-content>\n concentrations and without known causes of pathological pre\u2010renal, renal or post\u2010renal causes of proteinuria were included. Continuous and categorical variables were compared between groups using non\u2010parametric statistics, and multivariable logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between specific diseases or selected clinicopathological variables (including serum\n C\u2010reactive protein<\/jats:styled-content>\n concentrations) and proteinuria.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Seventy\u2010one overtly proteinuric (urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.5), 74 borderline proteinuric (urine protein:creatinine ratio 0.21 to 0.5) and 234 non\u2010proteinuric dogs (urine protein:creatinine ratio \u2264.2) were included. Proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2) was less prevalent in dogs diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (11% [4\/35] vs. 41% [141\/344];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) compared to the rest of the population. Proteinuria was more prevalent in dogs with chronic hepatitis (71% [10\/14] vs. 37% [135\/365]) and tended to be more prevalent in dogs with pancreatitis (57% [12\/21] vs. 37% [133\/358];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.103) compared to the rest of the population. On multivariable analysis, serum C\u2010reactive protein concentration was independently associated with increased odds of proteinuria (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.031 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 1.012 to 1.051];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.001) and a diagnosis of chronic enteropathy was independently associated with decreased odds of proteinuria (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.21 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 0.064 to 0.681];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.009).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Significance<\/jats:title>\n Systemic inflammation might be associated with proteinuria in dogs, although further investigations to evaluate if proteinuria resolves following the resolution of these conditions are required to confirm any causal association.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.70040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T04:17:09Z","timestamp":1761797829000},"page":"235-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of association between serum C\u2010reactive protein concentrations and proteinuria in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Ruane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. M. A.","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. H. Z.","family":"Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. E.","family":"McCallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9775-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15331","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement: guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats","volume":"32","author":"Acierno M.J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1996.tb02358.x","article-title":"Epidemiological study of blood pressure in domestic dogs","volume":"37","author":"Bodey A.R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Small Animal 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