{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:41:47Z","timestamp":1791920507091,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paroxysmal dyskinesia has, to date, been reported only systematically in Sphynx cats. This study aims to describe paroxysmal dyskinesia in additional breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of cats from multiple hospitals presenting with episodes consistent with paroxysmal dyskinesia between 2020 and 2025 were retrospectively reviewed, and those with available video footage at presentation were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010five cats were included. Domestic shorthair cats (11\/25; 44%) were overrepresented. Median age at presentation was 3.5\u2009years (range: 1 to 14\u2009years). During an episode, cats were upright standing (14\/25; 56%) or crawling (11\/25; 44%). Most common signs were shifting limb dystonia (25\/25; 100%), bradykinesia (slow\u2010motion movement) (11\/25; 44%), abnormal gait (11\/25; 44%), kyphosis (10\/25; 40%), tail dystonia (10\/25; 40%), cervical dystonia (9\/25; 36%) with dystonic head tremor (3\/25; 12%), falling (7\/25; 28%) or \u2018kneading\u2019 digits (5\/25; 20%). Neurological examination was normal in all cats. Treatment was attempted in 11\/25 (44%) cats with a gluten\u2010free diet trial (6\/11; 55%). Gluten\u2010free diet trial (4\/6) and levetiracetam (2\/2) decreased episodes of paroxysmal dyskinesia. Most cats (21\/25; 84%) were presumptively diagnosed with idiopathic paroxysmal non\u2010kinesigenic dyskinesia, whereas 4\/25 (16%) were diagnosed with presumptive paroxysmal gluten\u2010sensitive dyskinesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic paroxysmal dyskinesia occurs in multiple cat breeds and has some distinct clinical features compared to dogs such as crawling, crossing of the thoracic limbs resembling proprioceptive ataxia, bradykinesia (slow\u2010motion movements), \u2018kneading\u2019 of the digits or tail dystonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.70125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T03:07:17Z","timestamp":1774494437000},"page":"734-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phenotypic characteristics of paroxysmal dyskinesia in 25 cats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Liatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mother Hospital for Animals Royal Veterinary College  London UK"},{"name":"Plakentia Veterinary Clinic \u2013 Alimos, Alimos  Athens Greece"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine European University Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Maeso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AniCura Ars Veterinaria Hospital Veterinari  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5702-1828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"De Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mother Hospital for Animals Royal Veterinary College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3938-1803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Pergande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Part of IVC Evidensia Limited  Ringwood UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7778-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Elvira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited  Hursley UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0985-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Su\u00f1ol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences Universidad Europea de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Veterinaria del Mar, IVC Evidensia  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132814Y.0000000396"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalaf007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X211032123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.3407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"2990","article-title":"Clinical presentation, clinical findings, treatment and outcome in two cats with suspected paroxysmal dyskinesia\u2010dystonia","volume":"34","author":"Maeso C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1441332"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0356-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1119441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2022.105801"}],"container-title":["Journal of Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.70125","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsap.70125","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsap.70125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T08:43:23Z","timestamp":1786092203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsap.70125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsap.70125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsap.70125","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4510","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}