{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T07:54:02Z","timestamp":1784706842946,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pubic hair removal is prevalent among women in the United States. However, most studies related to pubic hair removal are based on cross-sectional surveys and retrospective recall.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this research was to, in a prospective event-level daily diary study, assess demographic, affective, relational, situational, and behavioral factors related to women's pubic hair removal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data collection occurred as part of a 5-week prospective, Internet-based daily diary study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age; Affective predictors (positive mood, negative mood, feeling interested in sex, feeling in love); Relational predictors (partner support, partner negativity, partner type, partner gender); Situational predictors (any vaginal symptoms, use of any vaginal hygiene products; having applied any creams to the genitals); Behavioral variables (penile\u2013vaginal sex, penile\u2013anal sex, had finger inserted into vagina, had clitoris stimulated with fingers, inserted toy into vagina, used vibrator on clitoris, inserted finger into anus, inserted toy into anus, duration of penetration, intensity of penetration).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2,453 women ages 18 to 68 (mean age 32.69) completed the study, contributing 49,287 total diaries (mean per person 24.5; standard deviation 10.3, median 30); 15.2% of all days (N = 7,362) involved pubic hair waxing or shaving, with the vast majority of hair removal days involving shaving (N = 7,302; 99%). Pubic hair removal was significantly associated with younger age, a greater interest in sex, vaginal fingering, finger\u2013clitoral stimulation, having a casual sex partner, using vaginal hygiene products, and applying cream to the genitals. Hair removal was marginally associated with longer duration of vaginal penetration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide greater insight into the factors associated with women's pubic hair removal and their sexual experiences on a day-to-day level. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T11:31:34Z","timestamp":1355398294000},"page":"678-685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Pubic Hair Removal and Sexual Behavior: Findings from a Prospective Daily Diary Study of Sexually Active Women in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Debby","family":"Herbenick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sexual Health Promotion \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health-Bloomington \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"Indiana University \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devon","family":"Hensel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Adolescent Medicine \u00a0 \u00a0 , Indianapolis , USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine \u00a0 \u00a0 , Indianapolis , USA"},{"name":"Indiana University \u00a0 \u00a0 , Indianapolis , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sexual Health Promotion \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health-Bloomington \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"Indiana University \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Schick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sexual Health Promotion \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health-Bloomington \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"Indiana University \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Reece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sexual Health Promotion \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health-Bloomington \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"Indiana University \u00a0 \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"Department of Gender Studies \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"},{"name":"Indiana University \u00a0 , Bloomington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Dennis","family":"Fortenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Adolescent Medicine \u00a0 \u00a0 , Indianapolis , USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine \u00a0 \u00a0 , Indianapolis , USA"},{"name":"Indiana University \u00a0 \u00a0 , Indianapolis , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01935.x","article-title":"Pubic hair removal among women in the United States: Prevalence, methods and characteristics","volume":"7","author":"Herbenick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-005-2682-5","article-title":"Body hair removal: The \u201cmundane\u201d production of normative femininity","volume":"52","author":"Toerin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018828722102","article-title":"The hairlessness norm: The removal of body hair in women","volume":"39","author":"Tiggemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70181-7","article-title":"Methods of hair removal","volume":"40","author":"Olsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01307.x","article-title":"Pubic hair and sexuality: A review","volume":"6","author":"Ramsey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib6","first-page":"69","article-title":"Exploring the depilation norm: A qualitative questionnaire study of women's body hair removal","volume":"1","author":"Toerien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3399\/096016407782604749","article-title":"Brazilian bikini wax and the designer vagina","volume":"57","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evulvalution: The portrayal of women's external genitalia and general physique across time and the current Barbie doll ideals","volume":"47","author":"Schick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-008-9494-3","article-title":"The hairlessness norm extended: Reasons for and predictors of women's body hair removal at different body sites","volume":"59","author":"Tiggemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-010-9922-z","article-title":"Gender, self-objectification and pubic hair removal","volume":"65","author":"Smolak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02067.x","article-title":"Association of lubricant use with women's sexual pleasure, sexual satisfaction and genital symptoms: A prospective daily diary study","volume":"8","author":"Herbenick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02071.x","article-title":"The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): Results from a nationally representative probability sample of women in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Herbenick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02379.x","article-title":"The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): Validation among a sample of female college students","volume":"8","author":"DeMaria","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01728.x","article-title":"Development and validation of the female genital self-image scale","volume":"7","author":"Herbenick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/713847124","article-title":"Genital self-image as a component of sexual health: Relationship between genital self-image, female sexual function, and quality of life measures","volume":"29","author":"Berman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2024032601012117900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499509551785","article-title":"Genital perceptions and sexual activity in a college population","volume":"32","author":"Reinholtz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Sex Res"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609515302848?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609515302848?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/10\/3\/678\/48192347\/jsm_10_3_678.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/10\/3\/678\/48192347\/jsm_10_3_678.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T21:50:36Z","timestamp":1711403436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/10\/3\/678\/6940007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12031","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717993158.793473714","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1743-6109","1743-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]}}}