{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:10:04Z","timestamp":1778314204325,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A growing number of countries are adopting chemical castration as treatment and penalty for sex offenders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of chemical castration of sexual offenders with a focus on the kinetics of serum testosterone (T) recovery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This prospective analysis included 56 sex offenders imprisoned for sexual offenses at the National Forensic Hospital. Thirty-eight and 18 patients who received 3 and 6 months of leuprolide acetate injections were assigned to group A and group B, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate treatment efficacy according treatment duration, psychobehavioral assessments and serum T levels were serially measured during the on-cycle and the following observational 12-month off-cycle.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chemical castration and the associated decrease in serum T levels reduced the frequency and intensity of sexual thoughts in 76% and 71% of group A patients and in 78% and 72% of group B patients, respectively. Reductions in masturbation frequency were observed in 74% of group A and 83% of group B patients. The median Wilson's Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (SFQ) scores were also significantly reduced in both groups. In group A, an upsurge of serum T to the flare level was observed during the first 2 months of the off-cycle, accompanied by an intense sexual drive and fantasy. In group B, serum T gradually recovered to the baseline level and continued to upsurge beyond baseline levels during the observational period. SFQ scores of group A returned to pretreatment levels following the observational period; however, SFQ scores of group B remained suppressed. Lack of objective assessments for psychobehavioral outcomes was a limitation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The efficacy of chemical castration varied according to the treatment duration. Regarding the kinetics of serum T recovery, maintaining at least 6 months of treatment warranted stable control of an excessive sexual drive following treatment cessation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]],"date-time":"2014-02-27T08:38:38Z","timestamp":1393490318000},"page":"1316-1324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of Chemical Castration on Sex Offenders in Relation to the Kinetics of Serum Testosterone Recovery: Implications for Dosing Schedule"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kyo Chul","family":"Koo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute \u00a0 , Seoul , Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine \u00a0 , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Hyoung","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sex 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