{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T09:53:31Z","timestamp":1768038811122,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vaginal foreign bodies (FBs) are a rare cause of vesicovaginal, rectovaginal, or urethrovaginal fistulae.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to describe a rare case of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) and obstructive uropathy and to review the literature.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A case is presented. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed (1948\u20132013).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 38-year-old woman presenting with sepsis, obstructive uropathy, and severe emaciation was found to have a sex toy retained in her vagina for 10 years. This had caused a VVF and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. Bilateral nephrostomies were inserted and she underwent cystoscopy and examination under anesthesia (EUA) with retrieval of FB. A left ureteric stricture was demonstrated. Transabdominal VVF repair with omental flap and left ureteric re-implantation was performed. The VVF recurred, which was successfully re-repaired transvaginally. Seventy-six full text articles were reviewed. There were no previously published cases of VVF following vaginal sex toy insertion. There are four cases of obstructive uropathy secondary to a vaginal FB in the literature: three pessaries and one plastic cap. There are 44 cases of VVF secondary to FB: 22 plastic caps (typically from aerosol bottles, inserted for masturbation or contraception) and 5 pessaries. At least nine were in girls aged \u226418 years. Average presentation is 15 months (range 2 months to 35 years) after FB insertion. Most cases were managed with surgical repair; predominantly transvaginal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This case describes an extremely rare but potentially life-threatening case of obstructive uropathy caused by a chronically retained sex toy, and adds to the list of potentially rare causes of a VVF and obstructive uropathy. We advocate urinary diversion, staged removal of FB, upper urinary tract imaging, and EUA with VVF repair and\/or ureteric reimplantation if required. Transvaginal is the preferred access for FB-associated VVF repair without concomitant ureteric reimplantation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T11:29:24Z","timestamp":1402572564000},"page":"2595-2600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Obstructive Uropathy and Vesicovaginal Fistula Secondary to a Retained Sex Toy in the Vagina"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"James Fergus","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"},{"name":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Campbell","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"},{"name":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"},{"name":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shonagh","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"},{"name":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.L.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"},{"name":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abdel-Fattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"},{"name":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satchi Kuchibhotla","family":"Swami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"},{"name":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary \u00a0 , Foresterhill, Aberdeen , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032602355659300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69476-2","article-title":"Obstetric vesicovaginal fistula as an international public-health problem","volume":"30","author":"Wall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024032602355659300_bib2","first-page":"293","article-title":"Vesicovaginal fistula: A review of Nigerian experience","volume":"29","author":"Ijaiya","year":"2010","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"2024032602355659300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e318249bd20","article-title":"Urogenital fistula","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2024032602355659300_bib4","first-page":"170","article-title":"Smith & Tanagho's general urology","author":"McAninch","year":"2013","edition":"18th"},{"key":"2024032602355659300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01318.x","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of vibrator use by women in the United States: Results from a nationally representative study","volume":"6","author":"Herbenick","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032602355659300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0877-y","article-title":"Vesicovaginal fistula caused by a vaginal foreign body in a 72-year-old woman: Case report and literature review","volume":"20","author":"Puppo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"2024032602355659300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(08)31350-0","article-title":"Fistula and traumatic genital injury from sexual violence in a conflict setting in Eastern Congo: Case studies","volume":"16","author":"Longombe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Health Matters"},{"key":"2024032602355659300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2010.512991","article-title":"Unusual presentation of vaginal foreign body","volume":"30","author":"Ahmidat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2024032602355659300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. 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