{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:22:24Z","timestamp":1740140544434,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AR052186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AR052186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008980","name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a significant gap in research regarding the readability and comprehension of existing sexual function measures. Patient-reported outcome measures may use terms not well understood by respondents with low literacy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to test comprehension of words and phrases typically used in sexual function measures to improve validity for all individuals, including those with low literacy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We recruited 20 men and 28 women for cognitive interviews on version 2.0 of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System\u00ae (PROMIS\u00ae) Sexual Function and Satisfaction measures. We assessed participants' reading level using the word reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test. Sixteen participants were classified as having low literacy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the first round of cognitive interviews, each survey item was reviewed by five or more people, at least two of whom had lower than a ninth-grade reading level (low literacy). Patient feedback was incorporated into a revised version of the items. In the second round of interviews, an additional three or more people (at least one with low literacy) reviewed each revised item.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants with low literacy had difficulty comprehending terms such as aroused, orgasm, erection, ejaculation, incontinence, and vaginal penetration. Women across a range of literacy levels had difficulty with clinical terms like labia and clitoris. We modified unclear terms to include parenthetical descriptors or slang equivalents, which generally improved comprehension.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Common words and phrases used across measures of self-reported sexual function are not universally understood. Researchers should appreciate these misunderstandings as a potential source of error in studies using self-reported measures of sexual function. This study also provides evidence for the importance of including individuals with low literacy in cognitive pretesting during the measure development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T03:09:18Z","timestamp":1402024158000},"page":"1991-1998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Improving Patients' Understanding of Terms and Phrases Commonly Used in Self-Reported Measures of Sexual Function"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Angel M.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute \u00a0 , Durham , USA"},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine \u00a0 , Durham , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research \u00a0 , Milwaukee , USA"},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin \u00a0 , Milwaukee , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Social Sciences \u00a0 , Chicago , USA"},{"name":"Northwestern University \u00a0 , Chicago , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana D.","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TRICARE Management Activity \u00a0 , Falls Church , USA"},{"name":"Department of Defense\u2014Health Affairs \u00a0 , Falls Church , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis J.","family":"Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences \u00a0 , Durham , USA"},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine \u00a0 , Durham , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryce B.","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management \u00a0 \u00a0 , Chapel Hill , USA"},{"name":"Gillings School of Global Public Health \u00a0 \u00a0 , Chapel Hill , USA"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill \u00a0 \u00a0 , Chapel Hill , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qualitas Advising , Wauwatosa , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Barsky","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences \u00a0 , Baltimore , USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University \u00a0 , Baltimore , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Shelby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences \u00a0 , Durham , USA"},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine \u00a0 , Durham , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Weinfurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute \u00a0 , Durham , USA"},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine \u00a0 , Durham , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences \u00a0 , Durham , USA"},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine \u00a0 , Durham , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Literacy in everyday life: results from the 2003 national assessment of adult literacy","year":"2007","author":"Kutner","key":"2024032602361233200_bib1"},{"volume-title":"US Department of Health and Human Services. 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