{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:05:16Z","timestamp":1790787916915,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although age-related prevalence rates of female sexual difficulties, i.e., difficulties with sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain have occasionally been studied\u2014with mostly inconsistent results\u2014the age-related prevalence rates of female sexual dysfunctions, i.e., sexual difficulties that are associated with sexual distress, have not. Moreover, the association of age with sexual distress, i.e., distress due to sexual difficulties, has almost completely been neglected in epidemiological research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aims of the present study were to provide age-related prevalence estimates of sexual difficulties and sexual dysfunctions and to provide proportions of participants reporting sexual distress in heterosexual women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An online survey comprising on sexual difficulties (i.e., low sexual desire, lack of responsive sexual desire, difficulties with lubrication, lack of subjective sexual arousal, absent or delayed orgasm, and dyspareunia) and associated sexual distress that enables us to classify respondents with sexual dysfunctions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexual Functioning Scale.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 15,048 heterosexual women aged 16\u201374 years living in Flanders (the Nothern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) completed the online survey. This study revealed that all sexual difficulties and all sexual dysfunctions are significantly associated with age in women. Although most sexual difficulties and sexual dysfunctions increase with age, some display a U-shaped association with age. Furthermore, it was found that\u2014except for lubrication difficulties\u2014sexual distress was also significantly associated with age and that sexual distress is more common in younger women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The association between age and sexual difficulties, sexual dysfunctions, and sexual distress in women is complex and deserves more attention from scholars.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]],"date-time":"2014-10-27T11:35:36Z","timestamp":1414409736000},"page":"424-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Age-Related Prevalence Rates of Sexual Difficulties, Sexual Dysfunctions, and Sexual Distress in Heterosexual Women: Results from an Online Survey in Flanders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lies","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luk","family":"Gijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Enzlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences , Leuven , Belgium"},{"name":"Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies , Leuven , Belgium"},{"name":"KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02971.x","article-title":"Distress, sexual dysfunctions, and DSM: Dialogue at cross purposes?","volume":"10","author":"Hendrickx","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0015","first-page":"79","article-title":"Sexual disabilities, problems and satisfaction in 18\u201374 years old Swedes","volume":"2","author":"Fugl-Meyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Sexol"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0020","first-page":"41","article-title":"Definitions, classification, and epidemiology of sexual dysfunction","author":"Fugl-Meyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sexual medicine: Sexual dysfunctions in men and women"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.537","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and predictors","volume":"281","author":"Laumann","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181898cdb","article-title":"Sexual problems and distress in United States Women: Prevalence and correlates","volume":"112","author":"Shifren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2005.20356.x","article-title":"The impact of aging on sexual function and sexual dysfunction in women: A review of population-based studies","volume":"2","author":"Hayes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810371245","article-title":"Sexual problems in 18\u201367-year-old Norwegians","volume":"38","author":"Tr\u00e6en","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62366-1","article-title":"Sexual function in Britain: Findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3)","volume":"382","author":"Mitchell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9542-2","article-title":"The DSM diagnostic criteria for orgasmic disorder","volume":"39","author":"Graham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0055","first-page":"98","article-title":"Seksuele disfuncties in Nederland: Prevalentie en samenhangende factoren [Sexual dysfunctions in the Netherlands: Prevalence and associated factors]","volume":"36","author":"Kedde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-010-9599-y","article-title":"Sexual dysfunctions and difficulties in Denmark: Prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors","volume":"40","author":"Christensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023420431760","article-title":"Distress about sex: A national survey of women in heterosexual relationships","volume":"32","author":"Bancroft","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.13.1441","article-title":"Prevalence of low sexual desire and hypoactive sexual desire disorder in a nationally representative sample of US women","volume":"168","author":"West","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.05.071","article-title":"Relationship between hypoactive sexual desire disorder and aging","volume":"87","author":"Hayes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0080","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1071\/SH08016","article-title":"Assessing female sexual dysfunction in epidemiological studies: Why is it necessary to measure both low sexual function and sexually-related distress?","volume":"5","author":"Hayes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278641","article-title":"The female sexual response: A different model","volume":"26","author":"Basson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9535-1","article-title":"The DSM diagnostic criteria for female sexual arousal disorder","volume":"39","author":"Graham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2004.10107.x","article-title":"Revised definitions of women's sexual dysfunctions","volume":"1","author":"Basson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9543-1","article-title":"The DSM diagnostic criteria for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women","volume":"39","author":"Brotto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0110","article-title":"New directions in sex therapy: Innovations and alternatives","author":"Kleinplatz","year":"2012"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230252851357","article-title":"Beyond dysfunction: A new view of women's sexual problems","volume":"28","author":"Tiefer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2013.819065","article-title":"Prevalence rates of sexual difficulties and associated distress in heterosexual men and women: Results from an Internet survey in Flanders","volume":"51","author":"Hendrickx","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0125","article-title":"Statistics Belgium","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0130","article-title":"Discovering statistics using SPSS","author":"Field","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02266.x","article-title":"Sexual functioning in women using levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems as compared to copper intrauterine devices","volume":"9","author":"Enzlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0140","article-title":"Cultuurkijker: cultuurparticipatie gewikt en gewogen [Culture in the spotlight: Cultural participation weighed up]","author":"Lievens","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0145","article-title":"Seksuele gezondheid in Vlaanderen [Sexual health in Flanders]","author":"Buysse","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0150","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023012309020500300_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0002-8614.2004.52413.x","article-title":"Changes in sexual function in middle-aged and older men","volume":"52","author":"Araujo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609515309218?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609515309218?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/12\/2\/424\/48625036\/jsm_12_2_424.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/12\/2\/424\/48625036\/jsm_12_2_424.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T09:23:36Z","timestamp":1674465816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/12\/2\/424\/6980182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12725","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-6109","1743-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}}}