{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T17:04:41Z","timestamp":1782320681983,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clitoral reconstruction following female genital mutilation\/cutting (FGM\/C) is a new surgical technique reported to be a feasible and effective strategy to reduce clitoral pain, improve sexual pleasure, and restore a vulvar appearance similar to uncircumcised women. However, data on safety, care offered, and evaluation of sexual and pain outcomes are still limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to present the care offered and clinical outcomes of two women who received multidisciplinary care, including psychosexual treatment, with clitoral reconstruction. We report their long-term outcomes, and the histology of the removed periclitoral fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We report the cases of two women with FGM\/C types II and III who requested clitoral reconstruction for different reasons. One woman hoped to improve her chronic vulvar pain, as well as improve her sexual response. The other woman requested surgery due to a desire to reverse a procedure that was performed without her consent, and a wish to have a genital appearance similar to non infibulated women. They both underwent psychosexual evaluation and therapy and surgery. The histology of the periclitoral fibrosis removed during surgery was analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At 1-year postoperatively, the first woman reported complete disappearance of vulvar pain and improved sexual pleasure, including orgasm. Our second patient also described improved sexuality at 1-year follow-up (increased sexual desire, lubrication, vulvar pleasure, and sensitiveness), which she attributed to a better self body image and confidence. Both women reported feeling satisfied, happy, and more beautiful.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We show a positive outcome in pain reduction and improved sexual function, self body image, and gender after psychosexual therapy and clitoral reconstruction. More evidence is needed about clitoral reconstruction to develop guidelines on best practices. Until research is conducted that rigorously evaluates clitoral reconstruction for its impact on pain and sexuality, we advise always offering a multidisciplinary care, including sexual therapy before and after the surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,25]],"date-time":"2014-11-25T09:16:44Z","timestamp":1416907004000},"page":"274-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Clitoral Reconstruction After Female Genital Mutilation\/Cutting: Case Studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Abdulcadir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"},{"name":"Geneva University Hospitals \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"},{"name":"World Health Organization \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria I.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"},{"name":"World Health Organization \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Petignat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"},{"name":"Geneva University Hospitals \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lale","family":"Say","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"},{"name":"World Health Organization \u00a0 , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0010","article-title":"Eliminating female genital mutilation: An interagency statement UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCHR, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sexol.2011.09.005","article-title":"Female genital mutilation\/cutting and orgasm before and after surgical repair","volume":"21","author":"Paterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sexologies"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0020","article-title":"Research gaps in the care of women with FGM\/C: An analysis","author":"Abdulcadir","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1341-8076.2003.00065.x","article-title":"Defective sexuality and female circumcision: The cause and the possible management","volume":"29","author":"Thabet","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60400-0","article-title":"Reconstructive surgery after female genital mutilation: A prospective cohort study","volume":"380","author":"Fold\u00e8s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2012.04.004","article-title":"Practice of reconstructive plastic surgery of the clitoris after genital mutilation in Burkina Faso. Report of 94 cases","volume":"58","author":"Ou\u00e9draogo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2006.09.026","article-title":"Results of surgical clitoral repair after ritual excision: 453 cases","volume":"34","author":"Foldes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2009.08.008","article-title":"Reconstructive surgery of the clitoris after sexual mutilation","volume":"56","author":"Madzou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2010.04.001","article-title":"Clitoridal reconstruction after female circumcision","volume":"56","author":"Quilichini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0055","article-title":"Clitoral reconstruction after female genital mutilation\/cutting: A systematic review of the evidence","author":"Abdulcadir","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJOG"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60636-9","article-title":"Reconstructive surgery for female genital mutilation","volume":"380","author":"Abdulcadir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023010704092220900_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2008.01014.x","article-title":"Traumatic neuromas of the penis: A clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases","volume":"36","author":"Salcedo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609515308857?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609515308857?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/12\/1\/274\/48475735\/jsm_12_1_274.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/12\/1\/274\/48475735\/jsm_12_1_274.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T04:21:19Z","timestamp":1673065279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/12\/1\/274\/6966742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12737","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-6109","1743-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}}}