{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:03:23Z","timestamp":1787792603376,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HL076146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HL076146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Activation of the innate immune Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) initiates inflammation and has been implicated in vascular dysfunction. Increased contraction and decreased relaxation responses in the penile vasculature lead to erectile dysfunction, a condition associated with inflammation. However, whether TLR2 activation plays a role in penile vascular function has not been established.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We hypothesized that activation of the TLR 1\/2 heterodimer (TLR1\/2) augments contractile and impairs relaxation responses of corpus cavernosum and that these perturbations of vascular function are mediated by low nitric oxide (NO) availability and enhanced activity of the RhoA\/Rho-kinase pathway.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Contraction and relaxation responses were measured in rat cavernosal strips using a myograph after incubation with a TLR1\/2-activating ligand Pam3CSK4 (Pam3), the TLR1\/2 inhibitor CuCPT 22 (CuCPT), and inhibitors of NO synthase (LNAME) and Rho-kinase (Y27632). TLR2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cumulative concentration response curves, sensitivity (pEC50), and maximal response (Emax) of cavernosal strips to vasodilatory and vasocontractile agonists were compared between treatments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pam3-treated cavernosal strips exhibited greater pEC50 and higher Emax to phenylephrine (PE) than control tissues. Inhibition of NO synthase increased Emax to PE in Pam3-treated cavernosal strips. Pam3 treatment reduced relaxation to Y27632 compared with control tissues. Inhibition of TLR1\/2 activation with CuCPT returned the augmented contraction to PE and the decreased relaxation to Y27632 of Pam3-treated cavernosal strips to control values.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The TLR1\/2 heterodimer mediates augmented contraction and reduced relaxation in rat cavernosal strips. Thus, TLR1\/2 activation antagonizes vascular responses crucial for normal erectile function and implicates immune activation in vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Immune signaling via TLR2 may offer novel targets for treating inflammation-mediated vascular dysfunction in the penis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]],"date-time":"2015-07-31T08:59:04Z","timestamp":1438333144000},"page":"1722-1731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Toll-Like Receptor 1\/2 Agonist Augments Contractility in Rat Corpus Cavernosum"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Inger","family":"Stallmann-Jorgensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safia","family":"Ogbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Szasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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