{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T15:16:11Z","timestamp":1675955771620},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spina bifida (SB) causes low spinal lesions, and patients often have absent genital sensation and a highly impaired sex life. TOMAX (TO MAX-imize sensation, sexuality and quality of life) is a surgical procedure whereby the penis is newly innervated using a sensory nerve originally targeting the inguinal area. Most TOMAX-treated SB patients initially experience penile stimulation as inguinal sensation, but eventually, the perception shifts to penis sensation with erotic feelings. The brain mechanisms mediating this perceptual shift, which are completely unknown, could hold relevance for understanding the brain's role in sexual development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to study how a newly perceived penis would be mapped onto the brain after a lifelong disconnection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three TOMAX-treated SB patients participated in a functional magnetic resonance imagery experiment while glans penis, inguinal area, and index finger were stimulated with a paint brush.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brush stimulation-induced activation of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and functional connectivity between SI and remote cerebral regions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stimulation of the re-innervated side of the glans penis and the intact contralateral inguinal area activated a very similar location on SI. Yet, connectivity analysis identified distinct SI functional networks. In all three subjects, the middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and the parietal operculum-insular cortex (OIC) were functionally connected to SI activity during glans penis stimulation, but not to SI activity induced by inguinal stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Investigating central somatosensory network activity to a de novo innervated penis in SB patients is feasible and informative. The consistent involvement of MCC and OIC above and beyond the brain network expected on the basis of inguinal stimulation suggests that these areas mediate the novel penis sensation in these patients. The potential role of MCC and OIC in this process is discussed, along with recommendations for further research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T07:59:29Z","timestamp":1440143969000},"page":"1865-1877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Central Somatosensory Networks Respond to a De Novo Innervated Penis: A Proof of Concept in Three Spina Bifida Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rudie","family":"Kortekaas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience , Groningen, , The Netherlands"},{"name":"University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, , The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Groningen , Groningen, , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Nanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience , Groningen, , The Netherlands"},{"name":"University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, , The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Groningen , Groningen, , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max L.E.","family":"Overgoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery , , Zwolle , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Isala Klinieken , , Zwolle , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bauke M.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology , Groningen, , The Netherlands"},{"name":"University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, , The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Groningen , Groningen, , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janniko R.","family":"Georgiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience , Groningen, , The Netherlands"},{"name":"University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, , The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Groningen , Groningen, , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012309110003500_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.162","article-title":"Sexual function in adult patients with spina bifida and its impact on quality of life","volume":"178","author":"Lassmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2023012309110003500_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.10.042","article-title":"Sex education, relationships, and sexuality in young adults with spina bifida","volume":"86","author":"Verhoef","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2023012309110003500_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15117.x","article-title":"Sexual function and erection capability among young men with spina bifida","volume":"38","author":"Sandler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2023012309110003500_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00092.x","article-title":"Urinary continence and erectile function after bladder neck sling suspension in male patients with spinal dysraphism","volume":"83","author":"Dik","year":"1999","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2023012309110003500_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02480-0","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction in spina bifida is treatable","volume":"354","author":"Palmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023012309110003500_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.04.084","article-title":"Neurological bypass for sensory innervation of the penis in patients with spina bifida","volume":"176","author":"Overgoor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2023012309110003500_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.10.020","article-title":"Increased sexual health after restored genital sensation in male patients with spina bifida or a spinal cord injury: The TOMAX procedure","volume":"189","author":"Overgoor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2023012309110003500_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12255","article-title":"Reinnervating the penis in spina bifida patients in the United States: Ilioinguinal-to-dorsal-penile neurorrhaphy in two cases","volume":"10","author":"Jacobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309110003500_bb0050","first-page":"119","article-title":"Zelfbeoordeling van genitale sensaties en lichaamsperceptie bij vrouwen; 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